【英国大学联盟_UUK_】2024年度毕业生就业结果报告_16页_3mb

Graduate Employment Outcomes Summary

Overview
Universities UK (UUK) analyzed graduate employment and earnings data to address claims about 'poor quality courses' and the perceived lack of value in higher education (HE). Key findings include:

• 99% of students in England are on HE courses meeting employment outcomes requirements, per the Office for Students (OfS).
• Graduates exhibit higher employment rates and earnings compared to non-graduates who could have attended university, with regional disparities noted.

Employment and Earnings Trends
By age 31:

• Graduates (all regions) are employed 4–8 percentage points more than non-graduates.
• Non-graduates receive higher out-of-work benefits (3–5 percentage points), with London showing the largest gap.
• Graduates earn 32–37% more than non-graduates, with cumulative earnings differences of £51,958 for graduates versus £252,019 for non-graduates over 15 years.

Income Growth Over Time

• While in full-time study, non-graduates earn £33,500 more than graduates.
• After graduation (age 23–31):
  • Graduate earnings grow faster (72% vs 31% increase).
  • Graduates earn £52,000 more overall, narrowing the initial gap.
• By age 31, graduates earn 32–37% more than non-graduates, with the earnings premium increasing over time.

Social Economic Background

• Graduates from deprived backgrounds (eligible for free school meals, FSM) show 75% earnings growth compared to 26% for non-graduates.
• Over 15 years, FSM graduates earn £41,400 more than non-graduates.
• The gap in earnings and employment rates between FSM and non-FSM graduates persists, with FSM graduates earning £1,900–£2,900 more in the first five years post-graduation.

Impact of Education Providers

• Graduates from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have higher employment/further study rates (5 years post-graduation: 3 percentage points higher than Further Education Colleges (FECs), 6.5 percentage points higher than Alternative Providers (APs)).
• Average earnings differences:
  • HEI graduates earn £6,200–£8,000 more than FEC/AP graduates.
  • Sustained employment rates: HEIs (87%) > FECs (81.9%) > APs (78.8%).

Regional Variations

• Graduates from London have the highest average earnings (£30,000–£40,000), with a 76% increase in earnings over five years.
• Regional employment rates: Graduates (65–71%) vs non-graduates (58–63%), with the gap widening in deprived areas.

Ethnic and Demographic Differences

• Non-graduates earn more than graduates in the first five years post-KS4 across all ethnic groups.
• Over 15 years, graduate earnings surpass non-graduates, with the premium increasing.
• Examples:
  • British Asian graduates: £6,871 (1 year post-KS4) vs £23,535 (5 years post-KS4).
  • White British graduates: £7,173 (1 year) vs £24,784 (5 years).
  • Mixed ethnic groups show similar trends, e.g., 56% earnings growth for British Mixed White Asian graduates.

Lifetime Earnings Impact

• IFS estimates that graduates achieve positive net lifetime earnings:
  • £430k for men, £260k for women.
  • Net gain: 20% for both genders after accounting for student loans and taxes.
• Taxpayer costs: £1k per student for men, £30k for women, offset by increased tax revenues.

Key Conclusions

• Graduates consistently outperform non-graduates in employment and earnings, with disparities narrowing over time.
• Social economic status (FSM eligibility) significantly influences outcomes, highlighting HE's role in reducing inequality.
• Education provider type affects graduate success, with HEIs outperforming FECs and APs in both employment rates and earnings.
• The long-term benefits of HE are substantial, despite short-term challenges, and include higher lifetime earnings and tax contributions.