2003-03-26-皮尤-Hispanics_In_The_Military_8页_134kb

报告摘要

Report Summary: Hispanics in the Military

Largest Military Active Duty: End of September 2001.

Latino representation is highly dependent on comparisons to specific civilian groups within the appropriate age range and educational/immigration criteria.

Enlisted Personnel

Total: ~109,487 (9.49% of active duty enlisted force)
Compares to general civilian labor (18-44): Underrepresented (13.35% civilian)
Compares to educationally qualified civilians (18-44): Slightly underrepresented (~9.49%) or roughly proportional when accounting for undocumented populations (~9.48% to 9.62% civilian qualified).
Applications: 11.53% of applicants had Tier 1/2 qualifications, compared to 11.47% in qualified civilian 18-24 year olds.
Weapons/Combat roles: Slightly overrepresented (17.74%) compared to overall ranks (16.57%).
Technical roles: Underrepresented.
Gender: Females represent 14.67% of Latino enlisted; males 9.52%.

Officer Corps

Total: ~68,038
Lower overall representation but depends on criteria:
- Higher when compared to Latinas in the civilian college-educated workforce (Navy/Marine Corps roughly proportional).
- Flag officers (generals/admirals) are overwhelmingly white (~93%).
Rank distribution: Highest proportion (~69%) of their officers are junior ranks (O-1 to O-3), concentrated in recent graduates. Significantly fewer hold field ranks (only 30%) or flag ranks (~1.36%).
Manpower trends: Significantly increased during the 1990s military drawdown despite population growth, with improved retention rates.

Key Findings & Metrics

Educational Gap: Lower high school completion reduces comparison effectiveness.
Immigration Status: Undocumented Latinos, primarily due to lower high school completion, cannot legally enlist, affecting representation comparisons.
Force Reduction Period: Hispanic representation grew (especially enlisted accessions) during the post-Cold War military drawdown.
Compulsory Retention: Retention rates for Hispanics increased over time.

展开完整摘要