英文_IRENA_区域能源转型展望_欧盟_164页_16mb

The European Union's energy transition requires accelerated investment and policy implementation to meet climate goals. Key findings highlight the need for massive renewable capacity expansion—renewables capacity must triple by 2030 and grow fivefold by 2050, requiring EUR 23-26 trillion in investments. Electrification of transport, buildings, and industry will drive energy demand growth, while grid modernization and storage (e.g., batteries) are critical for managing variable renewable supply.

Transport must shift to electric vehicles, with policies encouraging EV adoption and charging infrastructure. Buildings require extensive renovation, potentially doubling annual investments to EUR 75 billion by 2030 to reduce energy consumption significantly. Industry must scale hydrogen use and circular economy measures, with green hydrogen production increasing from 1-2 Mt to 16 Mt by 2050.

Socio-economic impacts show GDP growth underambitious scenarios can increase by 2.1% annually by 2030, but job creation in renewable sectors could offset challenges in fossil fuel industries. Policy insights stress the importance of coordinated regional integration, infrastructure investments, and just transition measures to ensure equitable and effective implementation. Delays in investments could lead to higher long-term costs and reduced competitiveness.