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报告摘要

A European Global Strategy: Ten Key Challenges Summary

Core Content

This document outlines the need for a European Global Strategy to guide the EU's role in the international arena, emphasizing the importance of a coherent, comprehensive and dynamic foreign policy. It identifies ten key challenges that must be addressed to enable the EU to act as a transformative global actor in a rapidly changing world.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Scope of EU Foreign Policy

The EU's foreign policy is fragmented into three components: CFSP, member states' individual policies, and external action led by the Commission.
This fragmentation weakens the EU's international influence.
A strategic framework is needed to integrate all dimensions of external policy.
The European External Action Service (EEAS), established by the Lisbon Treaty, is still underdeveloped and requires a more coherent policy orientation.

2. Process of Strategy Development

The strategy development process is as important as the final product.
Involving key stakeholders (member states, EU institutions, think tanks, academics) is crucial.
The new EU leadership should be involved in the finalization of the strategy.
A living document rather than a one-off paper may be more effective.
Ensuring ownership and active participation throughout the process is essential.

3. Values and Interests

The EU Treaty emphasizes shared values such as peace, human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.
However, shared interests are less clearly defined and evolve with integration and geopolitical shifts.
A strategy must identify key interests and the instruments to secure them, while balancing values and interests.
"Outsourcing" values to the EU while member states handle interests can undermine credibility.
Civil society and individuals should be better engaged in values-based foreign policy.

4. Neighbouring Regions

The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is underperforming and may need a rethinking.
A broader "strategic neighbourhood" encompassing regions like the Middle East, the Horn of Africa, and Central Asia might be more effective.
The EU faces geopolitical competition with Russia and fragmented engagement in the South.
The "more for more" conditionality is questioned in light of the current realities.
There is a need for more coherent engagement, adjusted conditionality, and enhanced regional cooperation.

5. Engaging Established and Emerging Powers

The EU must ensure coherence between its common approach and member states' bilateral relations.
The EU needs to define clear priorities and review engagement methods with strategic partners.
The transatlantic relationship with the United States must be reinvigorated.
A balanced and constructive approach is needed with Russia and China.
The EU should integrate trade, development, and security into a unified strategy with emerging powers.

6. Ensuring the Functionality of Globalisation and Interdependence

Globalisation has increased the need for multilateral cooperation, but the world's capacity to meet these needs has not kept up.
The EU's rules-based cooperation is a key asset in promoting effective multilateralism.
The EU should encourage emerging powers to take on shared stewardship for global resources and the environment.
Regional integration projects should be supported as a stepping stone for global governance.

7. Ensuring Prosperity and Sustainability

The EU's role as a global leader in standards and norms is at risk due to declining trade share.
Prosperity requires dynamic innovation, open markets, and a resilient global economic order.
Energy security and climate change are critical security interests.
The EU must re-energize its leadership in the fight against climate change and prevent economic fragmentation.

8. Foreign Policy and the Individual

Protecting individual rights and freedoms remains central to the EU's values-based foreign policy.
EU citizens' security is a priority, especially in crisis situations.
Civil society and citizens' initiatives are essential partners in EU foreign policy.
The EU should communicate better with civil society and enhance conditionality policies.

9. Providing Security

The EU's security environment is increasingly volatile, with U.S. disengagement and regional instability.
Military and civilian crisis management require greater cooperation and mutual dependence.
EU-NATO cooperation must be strengthened and more effective.
A comprehensive approach linking crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and development is needed.

10. Bringing the Instruments Together

The EU struggles with fragmentation and lack of coordination in its foreign policy instruments.
A joined-up approach is necessary to address complex global challenges.
The EEAS must be strengthened as a coordination platform and negotiation leader.
Cooperation between EEAS and the Commission should be enhanced.
There is a need for systematic teamwork between the EU and member states, as well as rethinking the separation between development and politics.

Key Questions for Consideration

Should the strategy focus on foreign and security policy or all aspects of external relations?
Should the strategy have a short-term or mid-term focus (e.g., 2030)?
Should the strategy be a one-off paper or a living document?
Should we develop a comprehensive framework with regional and topical substrategies?
How can we ensure ownership and involvement of key stakeholders in the strategy process?
How can we achieve productive interaction between policymakers and academics?
How can we ensure the European Council's full backing while avoiding a lengthy multilateral drafting process?
How can we identify key common interests that cover all aspects of external relations?
Should priorities be based on member states' overlapping interests or on the EU's functions and values?
How can we improve strategic analysis and debate on EU interests?
How can we ensure coherence between promoting values and protecting interests?
Should the ENP be expanded to a strategic neighbourhood?
How can we reconcile a single policy framework with country-specific approaches?
Should "enlargement lite" be reserved for countries with a genuine commitment to the EU?
How can we increase member state engagement and political focus in the ENP?
How can conditionality be adjusted to diverse partnerships?
How can regional cooperation be upgraded within the ENP?
How can we reinvigorate multilateralism and encourage emerging powers to support global cooperation?
How can we reform international institutions and strengthen their legitimacy?
How can we counter the decline in EU influence through coherent and coalition-building actions?
How can we support regional integration projects and develop effective cooperation between them?
How can we prevent economic fragmentation through regional and bilateral trade arrangements?
How can we ensure policy coherence between trade, development, and foreign policy?
How can the EU reduce energy dependence and transition to a low-carbon economy?
How can the EU re-energize its leadership in the fight against climate change?
How can the EU better protect its citizens abroad and engage with civil society?
How can the EU enhance conditionality policies and communicate better with civil society?
How can we define the level of ambition for military and civilian crisis management?
How can we achieve greater defence cooperation and address enabling capability shortfalls?
How can we improve EU-NATO cooperation?
How can we link crisis management, humanitarian assistance, and development in a comprehensive approach?
How can we ensure a comprehensive approach to emerging external challenges from the start?
How can we use Lisbon structures better to support the EEAS?
How can we enhance cooperation between the EEAS and the Commission?
How can we promote systematic teamwork between the EEAS and member states' diplomatic services?
Should the traditional separation between development and politics be rethought in light of the paradigm shift in development policy?