2011年-世界发展银行全球_Turkey_-_Improving_Conditions_for_SME_Growth_Finance_and_Innovation_94页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of Report No. 54961-TR: Improving Conditions for SME Growth Finance and Innovation in Turkey

Core Content

This report focuses on improving the conditions for the growth of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey, particularly in the areas of access to finance and technological innovation. It emphasizes that SMEs are central to Turkey's economic development and job creation, as they account for 79% of employment. However, their performance in terms of growth and productivity is currently below that of larger firms and peer countries, highlighting the need for targeted reforms and support mechanisms.

Main Views

SMEs and Economic Development: SMEs are vital for job creation and economic growth in Turkey, especially given the country's growing labor force and the need to absorb the unemployed. The report suggests that SMEs can drive sustainable growth and employment if their challenges are addressed.
Challenges to SME Growth: SMEs in Turkey face significant barriers, including limited access to finance, low productivity, and inadequate technological and innovative capabilities. These challenges are compounded by poor institutional frameworks and the need for better credit information systems.
Access to Finance: Access to medium-term finance is crucial for SME performance in terms of employment, sales, and investment. The report highlights the importance of credit guarantee schemes, credit lines, and the development of corporate bond markets to support SME financing. It also recommends improving the legal framework for insolvency and secured transactions to enhance the willingness of financial institutions to lend.
Technological and Innovative Capabilities: Enhancing SMEs' technological and innovative capabilities is essential for improving productivity and competitiveness. The report suggests that better collaboration between academia and industry, improved public R&D commercialization, and the expansion of cluster-based support programs can help achieve this.

Key Information

Access to Finance

Constraint on Growth: Access to finance is the main constraint for SME growth in Turkey.
Medium Term Finance: Development of medium-term finance is linked to improved SME performance.
Credit Guarantee Schemes: These schemes are effective in mitigating credit risk for financial institutions, especially in the early stages of market development.
Credit Information: Improving credit information through credit bureaus can reduce financing constraints for SMEs.
Leasing: Leasing is well-suited for SMEs and should be expanded to include more product types.
Corporate Bond Markets: Developing a corporate bond market can help financial institutions access medium-term funding, reducing the risk associated with SME lending.

Technological and Innovative Capabilities

Productivity Gaps: The productivity gap between SMEs and larger firms in Turkey is larger than in other countries.
Public Support Programs: Turkey has a range of public support programs, but their impact and relevance are not fully realized.
R&D and Innovation: R&D in Turkey is concentrated in public research organizations, and there is limited collaboration with the private sector.
Cluster Approach: A cluster approach can enhance SME upgrading by focusing on co-located firms in the same sector.
Stakeholder Involvement: Greater stakeholder involvement in policy formulation and program design can improve the effectiveness of SME support programs.
Evaluation and Monitoring: Regular and independent evaluation of support programs is essential for identifying weaknesses and improving outcomes.

Recommendations

Objective	Recommendation	Timing
Improve access to finance for SMEs	Consider options to improve the insolvency framework to curb debtor abuse of the bankruptcy law. Evaluate options to revise the legal framework for movable collateral.	Medium term
Strengthening transparency on SMEs	Encourage the initiation of the credit bureau for legal entities at the Credit Bureau of Turkey (KKB).	Medium term
Enabling financial institutions to access medium term funding	Review the regulatory framework supporting the corporate bond market for financial institutions.	Short term
Expanding use of leasing	Enhance legislation to allow for operating leases and sale and lease back.	Short term
Stimulate the development of the SME credit market	Evaluate possible amendments to the credit guarantee schemes to expand their outreach.	Short term
Support the upgrading of technological and innovative capabilities of SMEs	Improve the effectiveness of innovation policy through stakeholder involvement and regular evaluation.	Medium term
Leverage available knowledge for quick productivity gains	Facilitate technology absorption by supporting R&D and strengthening collaboration between academic/research community and industry.	Medium term
Upgrade quality of services provided to SMEs	Develop dedicated and capable core upgrading services through consolidation of existing programs and improved service delivery.	Long term
Improve effectiveness of scarce public resources	Target SMEs with the required absorptive capacity and expand that capacity through better diagnosis and appropriate service design.	Medium term
Enhance skills of SMEs' workforce	Explore ways to link core upgrading services with new industrial cooperative training.	Long term
Expand cluster approach	Consider expanding the use of a cluster approach to enhance SME upgrading.	Long term
Realize economic benefits of public R&D investments	Promote the commercialization of public research through appropriate policies and incentives.	Short/medium term

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of SMEs in Turkey's economy and the need for reforms in access to finance and technological innovation to enhance their growth and productivity. It suggests a combination of policy improvements, institutional reforms, and better support mechanisms to achieve these goals, with a focus on long-term sustainable development and job creation.

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