2016年-世界发展银行全球_Study_on_Mapping_the_Market_Potential_and_Accelerating_Finance_for_Women_Entrepreneurs_in_Bangladesh_130页_5mb

报告摘要

Summary of the Study: Mapping the Market Potential and Accelerating Finance for Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh

Core Content

This report, published by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in 2016, focuses on the challenges and opportunities in financing women-owned Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. It highlights the significant gap in financial access, the barriers faced by women entrepreneurs, and proposes a framework to improve their financial inclusion.

Main Objectives

To map the market potential in facilitating finance to women SMEs and estimate the current financing gap
To develop a comprehensive understanding of the ecosystem in which women SME entrepreneurs operate
To identify major challenges in accessing finance
To outline key areas of focus for improving financial access to women SMEs

Key Findings

A. Women SME Financing Gap

The total estimated demand for finance among women SMEs in Bangladesh is Tk. 9,975 crore (USD 1.29 billion)
Approximately 49% of this demand is for working capital
The total formal finance channelled to women SMEs in 2014-15 was Tk. 3,968 crore (USD 0.51 billion)
The financing gap is estimated at Tk. 6,007 crore (USD 0.77 billion), representing 60.2% of the total demand
Only 31% of women SME entrepreneurs could finance most of their business requirements
60.2% of their demand for finance remains unmet by banks and Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFI)

B. Demand Side Issues

76% of women SME entrepreneurs were unaware of government or bank schemes
69% faced challenges in meeting collateral requirements
77% had difficulty in providing required documentation
36% reported gender bias in financial institutions
The average loan size for women SMEs is 47% less than that for male SMEs
Credit to women constitutes only 4% of total SME lending portfolio

C. Supply Side Issues

Lack of gender-disaggregated data on Non-Performing Assets (NPA) hampers bankers' ability to assess repayment risks
Shortage of manpower limits outreach and awareness generation for women SMEs
Inefficient finance schemes and lack of certification mechanisms for women-owned enterprises increase risk exposure

D. Debt Ecosystem Satisfaction Index (DESI)

Bangladesh scored 46 out of 100 on the Debt Ecosystem Satisfaction Index, indicating a large scope for improvement
Women SME entrepreneurs expressed 88% dissatisfaction with the loan application and approval process
The average sanctioning time for loans was 137 days, which is costly
The highest dissatisfaction was with the loan process, while the highest satisfaction was with the availability of information on financial products and government schemes

Profile of Women SME Entrepreneurs

Average annual turnover: Tk. 16 lakh (USD 20.5 thousand)
Average profit: Tk. 2.7 lakh (USD 3.5 thousand)
80% of women SME entrepreneurs sought formal credit for business expansion
The Agro and Food Services and Healthcare and Pharmaceutical industries showed the highest profits
Healthcare and Pharmaceutical industry in the northern division had the highest unmet demand for finance

Regional Insights

Rajshahi and Khulna had the highest perceived finance gaps
Dhaka, Rajshahi, and Chittagong had the highest independent access to collateral
Barishal, Sylhet, and Khulna were among the worst in awareness of finance schemes

Barriers to Access to Finance

Lack of awareness of financial products and schemes
Collateral constraints
Documentation and financial literacy issues
Gender bias in financial institutions
Inefficient loan processes and long turnaround times

Recommendations

The report proposes a Gender Responsive Financing Framework to improve the financial ecosystem for women SMEs. The framework includes six steps:

Building a Business Case: Conducting a Women Business Census and collecting gender-disaggregated data
Product Design and Customer Value Proposition: Developing needs-based financial products and integrating information, education, and networking
Delivery: Using external facilitators and technology-based workflows to streamline processes
Marketing and Outreach: Building non-credit relationships, certifying women-managed enterprises, and using third-party agencies for referrals
Internal Alignment and Sensitization: Ensuring gender sensitivity within financial institutions
Internal Assessment Task Force: Establishing a task force to set targets, monitor progress, and inform policy and strategy for financial inclusion

Conclusion

The study concludes that there is a substantial opportunity to enhance the financial inclusion of women SME entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. It recommends a multi-faceted approach involving institutional reforms, product innovation, and awareness campaigns to address the financing gap and improve the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Key Figures and Tables

Figure 1: Debt Ecosystem Satisfaction Index
Figure 2: Gender Responsive Financing Framework
Figure 3-5: Geographic and sectoral distribution of sampled enterprises
Figure 6-37: Detailed insights on awareness, collateral access, loan processes, and financial performance
Table 1: Female Entrepreneurship Index
Table 2: SME Definition
Table 3: Women entrepreneurs' perception on women presence in their sector
Table 4: Bangladesh Bank's Gender Sensitive SME Credit Policies & Programmes
Table 5: Demand and Supply Side Constraints
Table 6: Reasons for Loan Rejection - Sector Wise
Table 7: Women's performance on Credit Assessment
Table 8: DESI - Parameters
Table 9: Bank Wise Gender Sensitive Product Description
Table 10: Institutional Support for Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh

Summary of Recommendations

Enhance awareness of financial products and schemes among women SME entrepreneurs
Improve access to collateral and reduce dependency on male counterparts
Simplify loan processes and reduce turnaround times
Promote gender-sensitive financial products and services
Establish a task force for monitoring and improving financial inclusion
Strengthen institutional capacity to support women SMEs through training and education programs

Final Note

The study emphasizes the importance of women SMEs in the economic development of Bangladesh and calls for a concerted effort from financial institutions, government bodies, and other stakeholders to create an enabling environment for their growth.

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