世界银行-西巴尔干绿色增长叙事的交通投入_实现更绿色_更高效交通部门的战略行动（英）_111页_4mb

Transport Inputs to the Western Balkans Green Growth Narrative

This report analyzes the transport sector's role in supporting green, resilient, and inclusive economic development (GRID) in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. The transport sector must align with climate goals while boosting economic growth, competitiveness, and social equity. Three pillars guide strategic actions: (1) Managing Road Vehicle Emissions, (2) Efficient Regional Integration, and (3) People-Centered Urban Mobility.

1. Managing Road Vehicle Emissions

• Rationale:
  Road transport dominates GHG emissions (95% in WB6) and energy consumption. Modernizing the fleet is critical to reduce pollution and align with EU standards.

• Strategic Actions:

  • Strengthen vehicle and fuel taxation, including differentiated rates for emissions and age.
  • Enforce stricter emission standards for new and secondhand vehicles.
  • Expand e-mobility through charging infrastructure, incentives, and regulatory frameworks.
  • Implement scrappage schemes for high-emission fleets.

• Barriers:
  Lax import regulations, opposition to tax increases, and limited enforcement of emission standards.

• Key Contribution to GRID:
  Reduces GHG emissions (green), improves air quality (inclusive), enhances resilience (resilient), and creates jobs (economic).

2. Efficient Regional Integration

• Rationale:
  Enhancing connectivity boosts trade, leverages EU integration, and decarbonizes freight and passenger transport.

• Strategic Actions:

  • Invest in intermodal terminals, rail, and inland waterways to shift from road-based to sustainable modes.
  • Align national plans with the EU’s TEN-T network (Trans-European Transport Network).
  • Reform state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and encourage private sector participation.
  • Improve border crossings and trade facilitation to reduce transit costs.

• Barriers:
  Imbalance in infrastructure spending (road-focused), funding constraints, and institutional inefficiencies.

• Key Contribution to GRID:
  Lowers emissions via modal shift (green), strengthens resilience (resilient), promotes inclusive trade (inclusive), and drives economic growth (economic).

3. People-Centered Urban Mobility

• Rationale:
  Cities face challenges like air pollution, congestion, and limited access to public transport. Decarbonizing urban mobility is urgent.

• Strategic Actions:

  • Adopt land-use regulations prioritizing sustainable transport and reduce reliance on private cars.
  • Expand public transport (renew fleets, improve service), cycling, and walking infrastructure.
  • Integrate smart mobility systems (e.g., intelligent transport systems—ITS) for efficient planning.
  • Enhance municipal financing through PPPs and innovative funding.

• Barriers:
  Limited fiscal capacity, lack of enforcement capacity, and inadequate coordination between national/local governments.

• Key Contribution to GRID:
  Improves air quality (green), enhances social equity (inclusive), builds resilient urban systems (resilient), and supports economic development (economic).

Key Recommendations

• Enable Planning Environment: Set explicit transport sector GHG targets in NDCs and operationalize National Urban Mobility Policies.
• Foster Collaboration: Strengthen regional partnerships and data-sharing for synergistic transport planning.
• Adopt Inclusive Transition: Prioritize equitable access to sustainable mobility, ensuring no one is left behind.

Conclusion

The transport sector’s green transformation in the WB6 offers untapped potential for sustainable growth and EU integration. Immediate policy interventions, strategic investments, and institutional reforms are critical to realize these opportunities while ensuring a just and inclusive transition.