世界银行-保护海洋生态系统和社会_保险在保护自然和支持可持续旅游业中的作用（英）_60页_6mb

Safeguarding Marine Ecosystems and Society: Insurance’s Role

This report analyzes opportunities and challenges for developing insurance products tied to marine ecosystems, focusing on Caribbean tourism resilience. Key findings include:

1. Core Role of Ecosystems: Coral reefs and mangroves provide vital coastal protection against storms and sea surges, reducing damage to tourism assets. For instance:

• Coral reefs buffer waves, with reductions in wave height up to 85% per 100m of reef (~70% reduction in EAD for tourist buildings).
• Mangroves reduce wave heights by 20–50% per 100m, lowering expected annual damage (EAD) significantly, especially at optimal densities.

2. Insurance Mechanisms: Three product types are evaluated:

• Parametric: Fast payouts based on triggers (e.g., wind speed), suitable for timely restoration.
• Modeled-Loss/Indemnity: Require detailed risk models to price but can better account for partial losses.
• Ecosystem-Specific Models: Incorporate data on mangrove density, reef rugosity, and wave attenuation to refine EAD estimates.

3. Key Challenges & Opportunities:

• Data Scarcity: Requires granular site-specific data on ecosystems, infrastructure, and hazard exposure.
• Modeling Complexity: Ecosystem response to disasters varies by context; insurers need physics-informed models (e.g., SWASH wave simulation).
• Scalability & Affordability: High-data needs limit regional applicability; parametric models can partially address this.
• Incentives: Novel insurance designs reward ecosystem restoration (e.g., premium discounts for conservation).

4. Recommendations:

• Use Tech Upgrades: Leverage satellite remote sensing (e.g., Sentinel data) and AI to improve EAD forecasts.
• Explore Parametric Products: Deploy index-based payouts to enhance speed and simplicity for marine投保.
• Promote Collaboration: Enhance partnerships between insurers, conservation groups (e.g., The Nature Conservancy), and governments (e.g., CCRIF SPC) to co-design and fund ecosystem-linked insurance schemes, such as catalyzing reef and mangrove restoration.

5. Future Research: Address knowledge gaps on:

• Ecosystem recovery timelines post-disaster.
• Granular infrastructure resilience data (economy-specific asset vulnerability curves).
• Cost-effectiveness of restoration measures across sites.