深度报告-2025-08-11-世界银行-格鲁吉亚绿色增长战略_指导说明（英）页_67页_1mb

报告摘要

Georgia Green Growth Strategy Summary

Core Content

The Georgia Green Growth Strategy (G3S) is a comprehensive framework aimed at promoting environmentally sustainable and economically resilient growth. It is developed through close collaboration between the World Bank, the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development of Georgia (MoESD), and other national stakeholders. The G3S integrates climate mitigation, adaptation, and circular economy principles to align with Georgia's development goals, including energy self-sufficiency, food security, and health and safety, as outlined in national and sectoral strategies and the EU Association Agreement.

Main Objectives

The G3S has several key objectives:

Inclusive and sustainable natural resource management: Efficiently and sustainably manage natural resources to enhance ecosystem services and preserve biodiversity.
Climate resilience and adaptation: Strengthen resilience to natural disasters and climate change through climate-resilient infrastructure and agricultural practices.
Circularity and decarbonization: Promote circular economy principles and decarbonization to stimulate economic growth and reduce environmental impact.
Green finance and innovation: Develop green finance products and an innovation ecosystem to support SMEs and connect them to global value chains.
Green skills development: Enhance human capital through green skills to accelerate the transition and improve labor market inclusivity.

Key Areas of Focus

The G3S outlines five priority areas for action:

1. Improve Natural Resource Management

Georgia has significant natural resources and is highly dependent on them for exports and livelihoods.
Challenges include low material efficiency, high dependency on non-renewable energy, and negative impacts on land productivity and human health.
The strategy aims to enhance ecosystem services and biodiversity while generating co-benefits such as reduced waste and pollution.

2. Develop Climate Adaptation Policies

Georgia is highly exposed to climate change and natural disasters, especially in mountainous regions.
Climate-induced changes such as increased temperature, variable rainfall, and glacier melting affect water availability and agriculture.
The G3S focuses on building climate-resilient infrastructure and promoting sustainable agricultural practices to reduce vulnerability.

3. Expand Circularity and Decarbonization

The strategy promotes the adoption of low-carbon technologies, recycling, and renewable energy to improve efficiency and reduce emissions.
Decarbonization is expected to reduce energy spending, improve the balance of payments, and enhance public health.

4. Build Green Skills and a Resilient Labor Market

Rural earnings and occupational mobility are historically constrained in Georgia.
Strengthening green skills and creating a more inclusive labor market are essential for the transition to a green economy.
Emphasis is placed on multi-sectoral, efficient sustainable development and climate-resilient coastal zones.

5. Strengthen Green Finance and Innovation Ecosystems

Despite a favorable business environment, Georgia's markets are inefficient, and firm capabilities are weak.
The G3S aims to develop green finance products and services, increase access to green finance, and support SMEs in connecting to global value chains.
Tools such as carbon pricing, emission trading mechanisms, and environmental fiscal policies are recommended to drive innovation.

Challenges Identified

Lack of policy harmonization: Many sectoral and thematic strategies exist, but there is no unified national document, leading to siloed investments and mixed outcomes.
Hidden costs of current growth model: Issues such as air pollution and traffic congestion are not adequately addressed in existing policies.
Environmental degradation: Due to resource consumption and land cover changes, the environment is under pressure.
Climate change impacts: Threatens infrastructure, public health, and economic stability, especially in the energy and transport sectors.
Industrial competitiveness: Risks from international climate policies such as the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and global low-carbon value chains may challenge Georgia's open economy.

Priority Areas for Action

Measuring environmental sustainability and resilience: To identify and address hidden costs.
Strengthening climate resilience: Through infrastructure and agricultural adaptation.
Promoting sustainable land use and low-carbon development: In manufacturing and services to support employment and value addition.
Developing science and education: To lay the groundwork for future green growth.
Enhancing green finance: To increase access and support green investment.

Tools for Implementation

The G3S recommends several tools for implementing the green transition and strengthening institutions:

Low-carbon policy package: Aligning and sequencing policy instruments for coherence.
Sustainable public procurement: To drive green practices in government spending.
Science and education: To foster innovation and awareness.
Green finance: Developing financial products and improving access.
Green employment policies: Supporting job creation in sustainable sectors.
Gender and distributional considerations: Ensuring inclusivity and addressing disparities.
Institutional strengthening: Establishing the Interagency G3S Council to operationalize the strategy.

Conclusion

The G3S is designed to unify and coordinate existing policies and strategies, enhancing their effectiveness for sustainable development. It aims to leverage natural resources, reduce environmental degradation, and increase economic resilience. By addressing institutional coordination gaps, data and monitoring deficiencies, and limited finance mobilization, the G3S will support Georgia's transition to a greener, more resilient, and sustainable economy. The strategy is aligned with international climate commitments and the EU Green Deal, positioning Georgia to enhance its competitiveness and connectivity in the global market.