2013年-世界发展银行全球_Reimbursable_Advisory_Services___Bahrains_Energy_Efficient_Lighting_Initiative_3页_935kb

MNA Knowledge and Learning Summary: Bahrain's Energy Efficient Lighting Initiative

Core Content

The Bahrain Energy Efficient Lighting Initiative is a project under the Reimbursable Advisory Services (RAS) program, aimed at promoting energy efficiency in the residential and commercial sectors of Bahrain. The initiative is designed to address the rapid growth in electricity demand and the environmental impact of the fossil-fuel dominated power sector. The project follows a two-track approach, combining the deployment of energy-efficient lighting technologies with policy and regulatory reforms to phase out inefficient incandescent lamps (ILs).

Main Points

1. Bahrain's Power Sector Context

• The power sector in Bahrain is growing rapidly, with demand increasing by over 10% annually.
• The peak load continues to grow, and the reserve margin is small.
• Approximately 50% of annual electricity consumption is in the residential sector, followed by the commercial sector at around 38%.
• Lighting and air-conditioning are the primary contributors to peak loads in Bahrain, especially in warmer climates.

2. Current Lighting Situation

• Incandescent lamps (ILs) are still widely used, with over 2 million sold annually.
• ILs consume 5 to 8 times more energy than compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and have a lifespan 6 times shorter.
• The energy consumption of ILs could contribute up to 100 MW to peak load.
• Low-quality CFLs are available in the market, leading to poor performance and low consumer confidence.
• The high cost of CFLs and low electricity tariffs due to subsidies further hinder adoption.

3. Benefits of Energy Efficient Lighting

• LED-based lamps are more energy efficient, have longer lifespans, and avoid environmental hazards like mercury.
• A full market transformation from ILs to CFLs and then LEDs is considered desirable for energy security and climate change mitigation.

4. Project Objectives

• Replace energy inefficient ILs with efficient CFLs in the short term.
• Transition to LED-based lamps in the medium term.
• Establish national policies to phase out ILs and set quality standards for CFLs and LEDs.

Key Activities

Track 1: Deployment of CFLs and LEDs

• Free distribution of 10 high-quality CFLs per household, in exchange for returning ILs.
• A limited number of LED lamps will also be distributed.
• Door-to-door distribution is planned using EWA's established meter reader routes.
• Energy savings analysis, carbon emission reduction analysis, and financial/economic analysis will be conducted.

Track 2: Regulatory Policy-Based Phase Out of ILs

• A national policy to ban ILs by the end of 2013.
• Development of minimum energy performance and technical standards for CFLs and LEDs.
• Establishment of testing laboratories and compliance systems to ensure quality and enforce the policy.

Additional Components

• Consumer lighting end-use survey to understand usage patterns.
• Consumer awareness plan to educate users on the benefits of CFLs and LEDs.
• Monitoring and verification of energy savings and carbon emission reductions.

Initial Conclusions

• The two-track approach is comprehensive and flexible, offering multiple advantages.
• It enables targeted replacement of ILs in the residential sector, where usage hours are highest.
• It avoids consumer lock-in to CFLs, allowing future adoption of LEDs as prices decrease.
• The ban on ILs will encourage non-residential sectors to adopt energy-efficient alternatives.
• It helps prepare the private sector for the phase-out regime and accelerates market transformation.

Contact Information

• Director, MNAOS: Gerard A. Byam
• Manager, MNADE: Preeti S. Ahuja
• Regional Knowledge and Learning Team: Omer Karasapan, Roby Fields
• Tel #: (202) 473 8177
• Website: http://go.worldbank.org/OXADZV71I0

Summary

This initiative is a strategic effort to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact through the adoption of energy-efficient lighting technologies. It combines market-based deployment with policy reform, ensuring a smooth and sustainable transition from inefficient to efficient lighting solutions. The project is designed to improve energy security, reduce carbon emissions, and promote market transformation.