国际贸易中心：2023年不发达国家贸易报告_64页_3mb

LDC Trade Report 2023: Improving Food Security Summary

Core Findings

• LDC Food Insecurity: Over 60% of LDC populations face food insecurity, significantly higher than other developing (30%) and developed (10%) countries.
• Trade's Dual Role: Trade can improve food availability and diversity but increases vulnerability to global price shocks, supply chain disruptions, and policy changes.
• Trade Dependence: LDCs rely heavily on imports for key foods like cereals (64% of calories), vegetable oils, and sweeteners, with limited supplier diversity.
• 2022 Crisis: The war in Ukraine, export restrictions, and fertilizer shortages exacerbated food price increases, reducing LDC food imports despite higher prices.

Policy Recommendations

• Short-term: Reduce food import tariffs, streamline customs procedures, and avoid export restrictions to ensure affordability and availability.
• Medium-term: Diversify import sources, promote regional trade (e.g., AfCFTA), and integrate into regional agrifood value chains.
• Long-term: Strengthen stockholding systems, improve agricultural productivity, and address climate change through coordinated global action.
• Global Cooperation: Advocate for transparent information sharing, avoid unnecessary export restrictions, and support trade policies that enhance food security.

Key Challenges

• High tariffs (avg. 17%) and non-tariff barriers (e.g., inspection delays) hinder food imports.
• Concentration of imports in few suppliers (e.g., Indonesia/Malaysia for palm oil) increases vulnerability.
• Escalating food and fertilizer prices (39% and 133% above pre-pandemic levels) threaten long-term food affordability and production.

Conclusion

Trade is essential for LDC food security but requires resilient policies and international cooperation to mitigate risks from global shocks.