2024-05-12-UNDP-规划净零排放的未来_关于如何制定长期低排放发展战略（LT-LEDS）的指导（英）_73页_4mb

Summary of "Planning for a Net-Zero Future: Guidance on how to develop a Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS)"

Core Content

The document provides practical guidance on developing a Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS), which is a national strategy aimed at identifying pathways for low greenhouse gas (GHG) emission development while considering broader socio-economic goals. It is aligned with the Paris Agreement and supports countries in their journey towards net-zero emissions by 2050.

Main Objectives

• To guide countries in developing strategies that lead to climate neutrality and climate-resilient economies.
• To ensure that short-term actions align with long-term goals.
• To promote equitable and just transitions that leave no one behind.
• To support NDC updates with ambitious, consistent, and predictable climate commitments.

Key Views

• LT-LEDS is a voluntary and non-mandatory process, with no specific UNFCCC guidance on structure or content.
• The Paris Agreement (2015) and the Glasgow Climate Pact (2021) encourage countries to develop LT-LEDS to guide just transitions and align with climate science.
• LT-LEDS is not only about mitigation but also includes adaptation and resilience, especially for vulnerable countries.
• The strategies must be inclusive, transformative, and proactive in addressing the political economy constraints and sustainable development opportunities.

Key Information

1.1 Motivations and Incentives

• To meet the 1.5°C target, global emissions must peak soon, halve by 2030, and reach net-zero by 2050.
• LT-LEDS helps in identifying priority sectors, sequencing actions over time, and avoiding carbon lock-in and stranded assets.
• It promotes green growth, equitable transition, and co-benefits such as enhanced resilience, new employment opportunities, and improved health outcomes.

1.2 LT-LEDS and the Paris Agreement

• All 195 signatory countries are encouraged to develop and submit LT-LEDS.
• As of February 2024, 71 countries have submitted LT-LEDS to the UNFCCC.
• Common features of submitted LT-LEDS:
  • Clear development perspective
  • Adaptation-related information in almost all submissions
  • Mitigation measures in all strategies
  • Quantifiable long-term mitigation goals in 93%
  • Reference to financial and investment needs in 85%
  • Funding sources identified in 60%
  • Regular updates intended by 74%, with 5-year as the most common timeframe.
• 59% emphasize the need for massive-scale transformation beyond incremental change.
• 57% commit to a just transition, with 26% elaborating in a dedicated chapter.
• 40% indicate that LT-LEDS will guide subsequent NDCs.

1.3 Building Blocks

The guide is structured around eight content building blocks and eight process building blocks:

Content Building Blocks:

1. Context and Scope
2. Ambition and Vision
3. Pathways and Scenarios
4. Sector Transformations and Priorities
5. Finance and Investments
6. Monitoring and Revision
7. Adaptation and Resilience
8. Equitable, Fair, and Just Transition

Process Building Blocks:

1. Leadership, Mandate, and Governance
2. Mapping the Existing Policy Landscape
3. Process Organization and Stakeholder Engagement
4. Analytical Support

These building blocks are based on over 60 submitted LT-LEDS and 200 studies related to their development and implementation. They are designed to be practical, flexible, and adaptable to different national contexts.

Preparation for Developing an LT-LEDS

2.1 Leadership, Mandate, and Governance

• An official mandate is essential, often derived from law, parliamentary decisions, or presidential decrees.
• A high-level champion (e.g., a minister or head of government) is crucial to lend credibility, initiate the process, and support stakeholder coalitions.
• A climate taskforce should be established or extended, with clear roles and responsibilities and cross-cutting coordination authority.
• Advisory committees with government, private sector, and civil society representatives are recommended.

2.2 Mapping the Existing Policy Landscape

• A comprehensive overview of current climate and development strategies, existing bodies, and political cycles is necessary.
• This helps avoid duplication and ensures integration with other national strategies.

2.3 Process Organization and Stakeholder Engagement

• Stakeholder engagement is a critical component for legitimacy and implementation success.
• The process should be inclusive, involving government, civil society, and private sector actors.
• Communication and collaboration with international partners and NGOs is encouraged.

2.4 Analytical Support

• Data collection, modelling, and impact assessment are key to supporting the development of LT-LEDS.
• Technical teams are responsible for data and analysis, while core teams handle narrative building and stakeholder engagement.

Implementation of an LT-LEDS

4.1 Institutional and Legal Arrangements

• Legal and institutional frameworks must support the implementation and monitoring of the strategy.
• Alignment with national development plans is essential.

4.2 Policy Coordination and Priorities

• Policy coordination across sectors and levels of government is necessary to ensure consistency and effectiveness.
• Prioritization of transformative actions and sectoral transitions is important.

4.3 Local Governments and Non-State Actors

• Local governments and non-state actors play a key role in implementation and adaptation.
• Their involvement ensures ground-level impact and community resilience.

4.4 Life Cycle: What is Next?

• LT-LEDS is an iterative process of learning, adjustment, and improvement.
• Continuous stakeholder dialogue is vital for quality improvement and strategic alignment.

Good Practices and Lessons Learned

• LT-LEDS should be flexible, context-specific, and pragmatic.
• Early stakeholder engagement and independent taskforces improve quality and legitimacy.
• Integration of climate and development goals is key to achieving both objectives.
• Regular updates and transparent communication are important for maintaining momentum and aligning with climate science.

Country Example

• The Marshall Islands developed an LT-LEDS over two years, led by national leadership.
• It was supported by international experts and NGOs, and is part of the High Ambition Coalition.
• The strategy, "Tile Til Eo 2050 Climate Strategy: Lighting the Way", serves as an inspiration for other countries to increase their climate ambitions.

Conclusion

The document emphasizes that LT-LEDS is a crucial tool for climate action and sustainable development, offering a structured yet flexible approach to national strategy development. It highlights the importance of leadership, stakeholder engagement, and policy integration in achieving net-zero goals and inclusive transitions.