2021年全球创业报告（英）_214页_13mb

2020/2021 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Report Summary

Core Content

The 2020/2021 GEM Global Report provides an evidence-based analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurial activity, attitudes, perceptions, and economic contexts across 46 economies. It highlights how entrepreneurship has been affected by the crisis and emphasizes the importance of continued support and monitoring for future economic recovery.

Main Authors and Contributors

• Professor Stephen Hill, DSc – Lead Author
• Professor Niels Bosma, PhD – GEM Chair of the Board
• Aileen Ionescu-Somers, PhD – GEM Executive Director
• Professor Donna Kelley, PhD – Babson College
• Professor Maribel Guerrero, PhD – Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile
• Professor Thomas Schott, PhD – University of Southern Denmark
• GEM National Teams – Provided local insights and conducted surveys
• Supporting Teams – Included data analysts, editors, and design collaborators

Key Findings and Main Points

1. Impact of the Pandemic on Entrepreneurship

• The pandemic has significantly reduced household incomes globally, with over 80% of adults in non-European economies reporting a decrease in income.
• Only 6 European economies had less than one in three adults reporting a decline in household income due to the pandemic.
• Government support mechanisms (e.g., furlough schemes) have helped many businesses survive, but they are not always effective in distinguishing between viable and non-viable businesses.
• In low-income economies, such support is minimal, and entrepreneurship has become a critical alternative for income generation.

2. Entrepreneurial Activity and Perceptions

• Entrepreneurial activity (measured by Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity, TEA) has been affected by the pandemic, with a notable drop in activity.
• Opportunities for entrepreneurship have changed, with many entrepreneurs reporting that the pandemic has delayed business operations.
• Entrepreneurial motivations include both making a difference in the world and building wealth, with the former being more common than the latter.
• Gender gap in entrepreneurial activity persists, with women still underrepresented in the data.
• Age differences are evident, with younger entrepreneurs more likely to be affected by the pandemic in terms of income and opportunities.

3. Sectoral and Regional Differences

• Business services and consumer services dominate entrepreneurial activity, with business services being the most common sector.
• Entrepreneurial activity varies by region, with Europe and North America generally showing more resilience compared to other regions.
• International customers are increasingly important, with a growing number of entrepreneurs expecting revenue from outside their country.

4. Informal Investment and Policy Implications

• Informal investment remains a key source of funding for many entrepreneurs, especially in low-income economies.
• The GEM report emphasizes the need for policymakers to support entrepreneurship not only by preserving existing businesses but also by fostering new entrepreneurial ventures and innovation.
• Entrepreneurial frameworks and contextual conditions (measured by the National Entrepreneurship Context Index, NECI) are crucial in determining the health and potential of entrepreneurial ecosystems.

5. Importance of GEM in Global Research

• GEM has been a pioneering force in entrepreneurship research for over 22 years, with data collected from over 120 economies and more than three million individuals surveyed.
• The GEM methodology includes Adult Population Surveys and National Expert Surveys, providing a comprehensive view of entrepreneurship.
• The report serves as a benchmark for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to understand global trends in entrepreneurship and to inform future strategies.

Key Figures and Tables

• Over 140,000 interviews conducted across 46 economies.
• TEA and EBO (Established Business Ownership) are the primary indicators used to measure entrepreneurial activity.
• Figures include:
  • The impact of the pandemic on household income.
  • Entrepreneurial perceptions on opportunities and fears.
  • Gender and age differences in entrepreneurial activity.
  • Motivations for starting a business.
  • Informal investment levels.
  • National Entrepreneurship Context Index (NECI) scores.
• Tables highlight:
  • Changes in TEA by age group.
  • Growth expectations and job creation.
  • Entrepreneurial activity by sector.
  • Pandemic-related business exits.
  • National sponsorship and support.

Conclusion

The 2020/2021 GEM report underscores the resilience and adaptability of entrepreneurs in the face of the COVID-19 crisis, while also highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise in such times. It calls for continued monitoring of entrepreneurial trends and policy support to ensure economic recovery and sustainable growth. The report also tributes Michael Hay, one of GEM's co-founders, for his foundational role in the project.

Additional Information

• GEM is supported by Babson College as its global sponsor.
• The GEM Ecosystem Quality Composite Index (ESI) is a tool for assessing regional and city-level entrepreneurial readiness.
• The report includes detailed economy profiles and data tables for further analysis.

Summary

The 2020/2021 GEM Global Report is a comprehensive analysis of how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced entrepreneurial activity, attitudes, and perceptions across 46 economies. It shows that while the pandemic has had a negative impact on income and business operations, entrepreneurship remains a vital driver of economic recovery and innovation. The report highlights the importance of policy support, informal investment, and entrepreneurial frameworks in nurturing a fertile environment for entrepreneurship. With over 140,000 interviews and three million individuals surveyed, GEM continues to provide authoritative and evidence-based insights into the global entrepreneurial landscape.