世界经济论坛-目标真零：为电池和氢动力飞行提供基础设施（英）-2023.4-31页_1mb

Target True Zero: Delivering the Infrastructure for Battery and Hydrogen-Powered Flight

This report examines the infrastructure requirements for battery-electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft that will underpin aviation sector decarbonization efforts to meet 2050 net-zero goals.

Key infrastructure demands:

• 600-1700 TWh of clean energy required by 2050 (equivalent to 10-25 largest wind farms or solar farm size of Belgium)
• 90% of energy consumption for alternative propulsion will occur off-airport
• Large airports may consume 5-10× more electricity by 2050 than current levels

Infrastructure requirements:

1. Two distinct infrastructure value chains needed (battery-electric and hydrogen)
2. Includes grid upgrades, hydrogen storage, battery charging stations, electrolysis plants, liquefaction facilities

Investment needs:

• Total capital expenditure: $700-1.7 trillion by 2050
• Off-airport infrastructure investment expected to be $5.3-8.5 trillion
• Airport infrastructure investment costs may be comparable to new terminal construction

Operational costs:

• Aviation infrastructure addition expected to be 76-86% of green electricity market price

Implementation timeline:

• First infrastructure elements must be in place by 2025
• Battery-electric infrastructure implementation: 2-4 years from investment decision to installation
• Hydrogen infrastructure investment will scale significantly from 2025

Industry collaboration:

• Critical to develop viable hydrogen networks
• Requires partnerships with green energy suppliers, hydrogen-consuming industries, equipment manufacturers, and aircraft OEMs

Key Recommendations:

• Assess impact of alternative propulsion on airport operations
• Identify natural partners in green energy ecosystem
• Incorporate alternative propulsion infrastructure into investment planning
• Engage regulators on safety requirements for novel aircraft technologies