2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___El_Salvador_105页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: El Salvador Summary

Core Content Overview

The Doing Business 2017 report by the World Bank Group provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory environment for small to medium-sized businesses in El Salvador. It evaluates 11 key areas of business regulation and tracks changes in these areas over time. The report presents data on the ease of doing business and the distance to frontier (DTF) score, which measures how far an economy is from the best regulatory practices globally.

The report highlights that El Salvador is classified as a lower middle-income country in the Latin America and Caribbean region, with a population of 6,126,583 and a GNI per capita of $3,940. In the 2017 report, El Salvador ranked 95th in the ease of doing business ranking, a decline of 9 positions from the previous year. Its DTF score dropped slightly from 62.2 to 61.02.

Main Indicators and Performance

Starting a Business

• Rank (DB2017): 129
• DTF Score (DB2017): 80.70
• Procedures (Men): 8
• Time (Men): 15.5 days
• Cost (Men): 40.7% of income per capita
• Procedures (Women): 8
• Time (Women): 15.5 days
• Cost (Women): 40.7% of income per capita

El Salvador's performance in this area is relatively stable compared to previous years, but it lags behind several comparator economies, such as Costa Rica and Panama.

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank (DB2017): 156
• DTF Score (DB2017): 56.29
• Procedures: 24
• Time: 111 days
• Cost: 4.2% of warehouse value
• Building Quality Control Index: 7 (out of 15)

El Salvador ranks relatively low in this area, with a significant number of procedures and a long time to complete the process.

Getting Electricity

• Rank (DB2017): 109
• DTF Score (DB2017): 63.75
• Procedures: 8
• Time: 59 days
• Cost: 513% of income per capita
• Reliability of Supply and Transparency of Tariff Index: 5 (out of 8)

El Salvador faces high costs and long delays in accessing electricity, which is a significant barrier to business operations.

Registering Property

• Rank (DB2017): 71
• DTF Score (DB2017): 67.09
• Procedures: 5
• Time: 31 days
• Cost: 3.8% of property value
• Quality of Land Administration Index: 12.5 (out of 30)

El Salvador's property registration process is relatively efficient, but it still has room for improvement compared to the best performers like New Zealand.

Getting Credit

• Rank (DB2017): 44
• DTF Score (DB2017): 65.00
• Strength of Legal Rights Index: 9 (out of 12)
• Depth of Credit Information Index: 4 (out of 8)
• Credit Registry Coverage: 28.7% of adults
• Credit Bureau Coverage: 3% of adults

El Salvador has moderate credit accessibility, but its credit information system is underdeveloped, limiting the depth of credit data available.

Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank (DB2017): 158
• DTF Score (DB2017): 38.33
• Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index: 3.8 (out of 10)
• Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index: 3.3 (out of 10)
• Shareholder Governance Index: 4.3 (out of 10)

El Salvador's legal protections for minority investors are weak, and there is limited governance in place to prevent conflicts of interest.

Paying Taxes

• Rank (DB2017): 166
• DTF Score (DB2017): 49.51
• Number of Payments (per year): 41
• Time (hours per year): 248
• Total Tax Rate (% of profit): 38.8%
• Postfiling Index: 10.1 (out of 100)

The tax system in El Salvador is complex, with high compliance costs and long processing times.

Trading Across Borders

• Rank (DB2017): 44
• DTF Score (DB2017): 88.49
• Time to Export: Border Compliance (hours): 38
• Cost to Export: Border Compliance (USD): $128
• Time to Export: Documentary Compliance (hours): 9
• Cost to Export: Documentary Compliance (USD): $50
• Time to Import: Border Compliance (hours): 40
• Cost to Import: Border Compliance (USD): $128
• Time to Import: Documentary Compliance (hours): 13
• Cost to Import: Documentary Compliance (USD): $67

El Salvador has a relatively efficient trade process, but it still lags behind the best performers in terms of time and cost.

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank (DB2017): 104
• DTF Score (DB2017): 55.20
• Time (days): 786
• Cost (% of claim): 19.2%
• Quality of Judicial Processes Index: 7.5 (out of 18)

El Salvador's contract enforcement process is slow and costly, indicating a need for legal reform.

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank (DB2017): 80
• DTF Score (DB2017): 45.83
• Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 32.9
• Time (years): 3.5
• Strength of Insolvency Framework Index: 9 (out of 16)

The insolvency process in El Salvador is slow, with a low recovery rate, suggesting inefficiencies in the legal system.

Key Changes in the Report

• The paying taxes indicator was expanded to include postfiling processes such as tax refunds, audits, and appeals.
• A gender dimension was introduced in four indicator sets: starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation.
• A new pilot indicator on selling to the government was added.
• Somalia was included for the first time, bringing the total number of economies covered to 190.

Comparative Analysis

El Salvador's performance is compared with other countries in the region and globally. For example:

• Colombia and Costa Rica show better performance in several areas.
• New Zealand is the best performer in most categories, with a DTF score of 99.96 for starting a business and 83.33 for protecting minority investors.
• Japan and Luxembourg lead in paying taxes and getting electricity respectively.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report underscores the challenges El Salvador faces in improving its business environment. While the country has made some progress, it still lags behind in key areas such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, and enforcing contracts. The inclusion of a gender dimension adds a new layer of insight, highlighting the potential disparities in the regulatory environment for women. Overall, the report serves as a valuable tool for policymakers to identify areas for reform and benchmark against global best practices.