物联网2020白皮书_智能与安全的物联网平台（英文）-IEC-2019.3-181页_10mb

IoT 2020: Smart and Secure IoT Platform Summary

Core Content

This white paper, authored by the IoT 2020 project team of the IEC Market Strategy Board (MSB), explores the evolution and future direction of IoT platforms, emphasizing the need for smarter and more secure solutions to address the limitations of current systems.

Main Viewpoints

• Current IoT Landscape: The paper outlines the current IoT architecture, including the three main components: physical devices, edge, and platform. It describes various architectural patterns such as three-tier architecture, gateway-mediated edge connectivity, and Lambda architecture, which are used to build IoT systems.

• Deficiencies in Today's IoT: The paper identifies key limitations such as inadequate security, privacy, and identity management; lack of safety and resiliency; challenges in integrability, interoperability, and composability; and difficulties in data management, advanced analytics, and virtualization. These issues hinder the realization of the full potential of IoT technologies.

• Future Use Cases: It highlights use cases in the industrial, public, and customer domains, including business continuity management, Smart Cities, and improved journey experiences for passengers with special needs.

• Smart and Secure IoT Platforms: The paper discusses the capabilities and requirements for future IoT platforms, such as enhanced connectivity, processing, memory, sensing, and security. These platforms are expected to support advanced analytics, real-time processing, and integration across multiple domains.

• Enabling Technologies: It outlines next-generation technologies that will support the development of smart and secure IoT platforms, including 5G, LPWAN, machine learning, and sensor fusion. These technologies are essential for enabling the performance, security, and scalability needed for next-generation IoT applications.

• Standards and Regulation: The paper emphasizes the importance of international standards in shaping the future of IoT. It calls for a comprehensive standardization ecosystem that includes data semantics, contextualization, security, and interoperability. It also outlines recommendations for the IEC and other standards-related organizations to lead this effort.

Key Information

Components of IoT

• Physical Device: The core of the IoT system, which may include embedded computing capabilities and connect to other devices, edge platforms, and gateways.
• Edge: The operational domain of the IoT system, including sensors, controllers, actuators, gateways, and communication components. It supports local processing, storage, and interaction with other edge components and the platform.
• Platform: The central hub that integrates IoT services, manages operations, and connects to external systems. It can be located in the cloud, on-premise, or as a hybrid solution.

Architecture Patterns

• Three-tier architecture: Separates the system into presentation, application, and data layers.
• Gateway-mediated edge connectivity and management: Uses gateways to aggregate and manage data flows from end nodes.
• Edge-to-cloud: Enables data processing at the edge and cloud for scalability and performance.
• Lambda architecture: Combines batch and stream processing for handling large volumes of data.

Characteristic Features of IoT

• Data correlation and information retrieval: Enables the integration and analysis of data from multiple sources.
• Communication: Involves various protocols and networks to connect IoT components.
• Integration and interoperation: Facilitates seamless interaction between different IoT systems and domains.
• Security, privacy, and trust: Critical for ensuring the safety and integrity of IoT systems and data.

Limitations and Deficiencies

• Security, Trust, Privacy and Identity Management: Current systems lack robust security and identity management, exposing devices to significant risks.
• Safety: The reliability and safety of IoT systems, especially in critical applications, is a major concern.
• Integrability, Interoperability and Composability: Systems struggle with compatibility and the ability to dynamically reconfigure.
• Resiliency: IoT systems must be resilient to ensure continuous operation.
• Data Collection, Management and Ownership: Issues arise around data ownership, storage, and management.
• Advanced Analytics and Data Processing: Current systems are not equipped to handle the complexity and scale of data required for advanced analytics.
• Virtualization: Enables flexible and scalable IoT environments.
• Scalability: The ability to scale IoT systems is limited by existing technologies.
• Regulation: There is a need for updated regulatory frameworks to support the development and deployment of IoT platforms.

Capabilities and Requirements

• Connectivity: Needs to support various communication technologies, including 5G, LPWAN, and satellite connections.
• Processing: Requires advanced techniques such as machine learning and autonomous data exchange.
• Memory: Should support digital product memory for data storage and management.
• Sensing: Needs ultra-precise location and sensor fusion technologies.
• Actions: Involves augmented reality, virtual reality, and the tactile internet.
• Security: Must incorporate elemental security technologies, identity management, and security as a service.

Enabling Technologies

• Connectivity: Includes next-generation satellite connections, 5G, and LPWAN.
• Processing: Involves system configuration, data contextualization, and machine learning.
• Memory: Supports digital product memory for managing device data.
• Sensing: Uses ultra-precise location and sensor fusion for enhanced data collection.
• Actions: Leverages AR, VR, and tactile internet for real-time interaction.
• Security: Requires identity management, security as a service, and advanced encryption methods.

Standards

• Current Standards: The paper discusses existing standards such as ISO/IEC 30141, ITU-T Y.2060, and IIC IIRA.
• Desired Future Ecosystem: Calls for a comprehensive and standardized IoT ecosystem to support the development of smart and secure IoT platforms.
• Standardization Requirements: Includes data semantics, contextualization, transformation, and security standards.

Recommendations

• General Recommendations: Focus on enhancing IoT platforms with advanced capabilities, ensuring security, and promoting interoperability.
• Recommendations for IEC: Encourage the IEC to lead in defining and maintaining standards for the smart and secure IoT ecosystem, working closely with other standards bodies and governments.

Annexes and Use Cases

The white paper includes a range of use cases such as:

• Annex A: Business continuity management
• Annex B: Anomaly detection for advanced maintenance
• Annex C: Collaborative supply chain management
• Annex D: Predictive maintenance and service
• Annex E: Smart City with IoT platform
• Annex F: Social sensors
• Annex G: Improved journey experience for public transport
• Annex H: Connected cars
• Annex I: WISE Skiing
• Annex J: Home device smart factory

These use cases illustrate the diverse applications of smart and secure IoT platforms across various industries.

Conclusion

The white paper emphasizes the need for a new generation of smart and secure IoT platforms that can overcome current limitations and support future applications. It calls for collaboration among stakeholders, the development of new standards, and the adoption of advanced technologies to ensure the success and sustainability of IoT ecosystems.