物联网2020白皮书：智能与安全的物联网平台（英文）-IEC-2019.3-181页_11mb

报告摘要

IoT 2020: Smart and Secure IoT Platform Summary

Core Content

This White Paper outlines the future direction of IoT, emphasizing the development of smart and secure IoT platforms as the next big step in the evolution of IoT technology. It highlights the current state of the IoT market, identifies key limitations and deficiencies in existing IoT frameworks, and proposes a vision for next-generation IoT platforms that address these issues through advanced capabilities and technologies.

Main Objectives

To address the growing impact of IoT on the global economy.
To overcome the current shortcomings of IoT systems, particularly in security, interoperability, scalability, and data management.
To propose a "platform of platforms" that integrates and enhances existing IoT systems.
To foster a standardization ecosystem that supports the development and deployment of secure and smart IoT platforms.

Key Issues with Current IoT

1. Security, Privacy, and Trust

Existing IoT systems lack robust security and identity management mechanisms.
Privacy concerns are rising due to the increasing amount of personal data collected and shared.
Trust in IoT systems is a major challenge, especially in consumer and public sectors.

2. Safety and Resiliency

IoT systems need better safety and resiliency to handle failures and security threats.
The reliance on legacy systems makes it difficult to ensure consistent performance and security across platforms.

3. Integrability and Interoperability

Lack of interoperability between different IoT platforms and systems.
Composability of IoT components remains a challenge, limiting the ability to build flexible and scalable solutions.

4. Data Collection and Management

Gartner estimates that 80% of IoT projects will fail by 2020 due to improper data collection methods.
There is a need for better data management and ownership models.

5. Advanced Analytics and Processing

Current IoT platforms are limited in advanced data processing and analytics capabilities.
Autonomous data exchange, sensor fusion, and machine learning are essential for future IoT applications.

6. Scalability and Virtualization

Scalability is a major concern for IoT systems, especially in large-scale deployments.
Virtualization is becoming increasingly important to support flexible and efficient resource allocation.

7. Regulation and Compliance

The need for regulatory frameworks to ensure compliance with data protection and security standards.

Capabilities and Requirements for Smart and Secure IoT Platforms

1. General Qualities

Security and privacy must be integral to the platform.
Interoperability and scalability are essential to support diverse and evolving use cases.

2. Core Capabilities

Connectivity: Support for various communication protocols (e.g., 5G, LPWAN, MQTT).
Processing: Enhanced edge computing and real-time analytics.
Memory: Integration of digital product memory (DPM) for data tracking and management.
Sensing: Ultra-precise location technology and sensor fusion.
Actions: Use of augmented reality, virtual reality, and tactile internet.
Security: Implementation of security as a service, identity management, and PKI-based authentication.

Next-Generation Enabling Technologies

1. Connectivity

Next-generation satellite connections with high bandwidth and high latency.
Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) for long-range, low-power communication.
5G and eMTC for faster and more reliable data transmission.

2. Processing

Autonomous data exchange and dynamic composition.
Contextualization of data for better decision-making.
Machine learning and deep learning for advanced analytics.
Sensor fusion and edge-to-cloud processing for comprehensive data handling.

3. Memory

Digital product memory (DPM) for tracking and managing data across the lifecycle of IoT devices.

4. Sensing

Ultra-precise location technology for accurate device tracking and context-aware applications.

5. Actions

Augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and tactile internet for immersive and responsive applications.

6. Security

Elemental security technologies and security as a service.
Identity management and PKI-based authentication.
Privacy-preserving technologies such as asymmetric searchable encryption (ASE) and private information retrieval (PIR).

Standards and Standardization

The White Paper emphasizes the need for international standards to ensure interoperability, security, and scalability.
Current standards include:
- ISO/IEC 30141 – IoT Reference Architecture.
- ITU-T Y.2060 – Communication technologies for IoT.
- IIC IIRA – Industrial Internet Reference Architecture.
- RAMI 4.0 – Reference Architectural Model for Industry 4.0.
- IoT-A ARM – Internet of Things Architecture Reference Model.
The desired future standardization ecosystem should support semantic interoperability, data contextualization, security, and connectivity.
IEC is recommended to take a leading role in developing and maintaining these standards.

Recommendations

1. General Recommendations

Develop new IoT platforms that support advanced analytics, real-time processing, and secure communication.
Promote cross-industry collaboration to enhance data sharing and business models.
Encourage open standards and interoperability to reduce fragmentation and enable seamless integration.

2. Recommendations for IEC and Its Committees

Take the lead in establishing an IoT standardization ecosystem.
Assign tasks to ISO/IEC JTC 1 for key standardization activities.
Collaborate with government entities to align standards with regulatory requirements.
Enhance security and privacy standards to protect IoT systems and users.

Use Cases for Smart and Secure IoT Platforms

1. Industrial Domain

Business continuity management (BCM) for production lines.
Anomaly detection for advanced maintenance services.
Collaborative supply chain management (SCM).
Predictive maintenance and service.

2. Public Domain

Smart Cities with integrated IoT platforms for urban management.
Social sensors for public safety and environmental monitoring.

3. Customer Domain

Improved journey experience for passengers with special needs in public transport.
Connected cars and telematics for real-time vehicle monitoring and control.
Home device smart factory for personalized and efficient home automation.

Conclusion

The White Paper concludes that the development of smart and secure IoT platforms is essential to fully realize the disruptive potential of IoT. These platforms must be secure, interoperable, scalable, and capable of advanced data processing and real-time analytics. To achieve this, standardization efforts must be coordinated at an international level, with the IEC playing a central role in defining and maintaining these standards. The future of IoT depends on a unified and secure ecosystem that supports innovation and ensures trust in the technology.

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