世界银行-阿富汗性别监测调查：基线报告（英）-2023-28页_1mb

报告摘要

Afghanistan Gender Monitoring Survey Baseline Report (February 2023)

Overview

Conducted between September and October 2022, serving as a baseline before December 2022 bans restricting women's work.
Aims to capture Afghan women's perceptions and voices for humanitarian-development response.
Nationally representative sample of 3,825 women, drawn from households via phone surveys with female respondents (Most Knowledgeable Female, MKF) linked to the Afghanistan Welfare Monitoring Survey Round 2 (AWMS R2).

Main Findings

Women's Rights and Decision-Making Power
- 96% of women prioritize achieving human rights for women; key rights include education and work.
- Restrictions on mobility and clothing are widely reported (70% wear burka due to new rules).
- Decision-making power is limited: Only 52% of employed women participate in decisions about their earnings; 49% in healthcare decisions, 47% in household purchases.
Mobility
- Average women leave home 2.3 days/week; urban women more mobile than rural.
- 70% are usually accompanied by a male relative; common companions include spouses or children under 12.
- Reduced mobility since restrictions; cannot freely participate in education/training or income-generating activities outside the home.
Food Security
- 88% rely on lower quality food; 69% borrow to buy food.
- Food rationing strategies (skipping meals) increased significantly among women.
- Children are prioritized over adults and females; women’s coping strategies include seeking food aid (in-kind or cash).
Women's Work and Child Labor
- 56% of women (ages 15-65) engaged in income-generating activities; up from AWMS R2.
- Activities are short-term, low-quality, and mostly agricultural/family business.
- 52% reported reduced monthly earnings; maternal duties/illness/no jobs are main barriers.
Access to Services
- 83% report access to health services; female health workers present in 87% of facilities.
- 49% own a phone; 33% have restricted access; 74% have a Tazkira (ID card), crucial for identity and rights.
Safety and Mental Health
- 28% feel unsafe at home; 59% have nowhere to turn.
- 48% express acceptance of wife-beating under certain circumstances; rural women more accepting.
- 48% show symptoms of anxiety or depression (PHQ-4 score mean=5.7); nearly half face moderate-to-severe mental health issues.

Future Work

Ongoing monitoring through quarterly follow-up surveys among initial respondents.
Aim is to track impacts of restrictions on women's wellbeing, mobility, and service access.
Results to inform humanitarian-development policies and responses.

Methodology Comments

Design: Complements other surveys by including topics not otherwise monitored (e.g., rights, mobility).
Surveillance: Response monitoring identified discrepancies (* e.g., more women in 'alone' surveys provided complete answers*).
Limitations: Sample not nationally representative of all women; slightly less poor/educated than previous surveys.