2014年-世界发展银行全球_Strategic_Assessment_of_the_Ethiopian_Mineral_Sector___Final_Report_104页_4mb

Strategic Assessment of the Ethiopian Mineral Sector: Final Report Summary

Core Content

This report presents a strategic assessment of Ethiopia's mineral sector, focusing on its potential to drive economic growth and transformation. It outlines current status, future development scenarios, and key recommendations for policy, institutional, and legal reforms to ensure sustainable and responsible mining practices.

Main Points

1. Current State of the Ethiopian Mineral Sector

• Placer Gold Mining: Has a long history, dating back over 2000 years, and is primarily conducted by artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM), mainly in alluvial deposits in the Proterozoic terrains of southern, western, and northern Ethiopia.
• State-Owned Mines:
  • Adola is a small state-owned mine in the south, operating for over 50 years.
  • Kenticha tantalum mine is a significant state-owned project, but production was on hold in 2013 due to privatization efforts.
• Industrial Minerals:
  • Cement raw materials and dimension stone are mined at a small industrial scale.
  • Potash is a promising resource with the Allana Potash project (IFC involved) expected to start production in 2017.
• Large-Scale Mining:
  • Only one large-scale mine, Midroc's Lega Dembi gold mine, is currently operational.
  • Tulu Kapi gold project (with IFC involvement) was on hold in 2013 but has resumed due to changes in ownership and financing.

2. Potential Mining Development

• The mining sector currently contributes about 1.5% to GDP and 19% of total exports (USD 618 million in 2012), with gold accounting for nearly 100% of mining exports.
• The report presents three development scenarios (Conservative, Probable, Possible) for the sector's future, based on geological potential and exploration activities.
• Economic Impact:
  • By 2024, revenue could range from USD 100 million to USD 500 million.
  • Direct employment could vary from 1,400 to 10,000 depending on the scenario.
• Key Commodities: Gold, potash, tantalum, and copper are the main commodities under exploration and development.

3. Considerations for Sector Development and Sustainability

• Long-Term Perspective: Due to the long lead time from exploration to large-scale mining (often 10-15 years), a long-term strategy is essential.
• Policy Objective: The mining sector is expected to contribute up to 10% of GDP by 2020-2023 and 10-fold increase in foreign currency earnings.
• Investor Attraction: A clear and attractive legal framework is crucial for attracting investment, especially in the absence of recent success stories and limited geological data.
• Legal and Regulatory Framework:
  • The 2010 Mining Proclamation and its 2013 amendment are the main legal instruments.
  • The Model Mining Agreement (MMA), based on the old 1994 proclamation, needs to be revised to align with the new legal framework.
• Institutional Capacity:
  • The Ministry of Mines (MoM) and Geological Survey of Ethiopia (GSE) are the main institutions involved.
  • There are significant capacity constraints, especially in geological data provision, mineral rights administration, and environmental and social regulation.
  • Staff turnover and low salaries compared to the private sector hinder capacity building.
  • Procurement and budgeting procedures are inflexible, affecting the efficiency of GSE's drilling and laboratory units.

4. Key Recommendations

• Geological Data Collection and Marketing: Improve the quality and availability of geological and geophysical data to better identify mining potential.
• Mineral Management System: Establish an effective mineral management system and institutions to ensure responsible and sustainable development.
• Legal and Policy Reforms:
  • Revise the Model Mining Agreement (MMA) to align with the new mining proclamation.
  • Develop a comprehensive and transparent legal framework that supports both public and private sector involvement.
• Stakeholder Engagement: Engage a broad range of stakeholders, including regional governments, mining companies, communities, and ASM operators.
• Human Resource Development: Invest in technical and vocational education (TVET) and skills development to meet the growing demand for skilled labor.
• Infrastructure Development: Improve infrastructure to support mining activities and enhance economic linkages.
• Transparency and Accountability: Implement transparency initiatives such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) to ensure accountability and sustainable development.
• Institutional Restructuring: Enhance institutional capacity through better salaries, efficient processes, and coordination between federal, regional, and sub-regional levels.

Key Information

• The report was prepared by Swedish Geological AB (SGAB), Intierra RMG, and IRIS Consult under the direction of the World Bank Group.
• It was supported by DFATD (Canada), DFID (UK), and the Australian Government.
• The Ministry of Mines played a central role in the preparation of the report, with regular oversight and feedback from the World Bank and its partners.
• Fieldwork was conducted in the southern and western regions of Ethiopia to gather data.
• The current legal framework is not fully aligned with the policy objectives, leading to potential contradictions and inefficiencies in the sector's management.

Conclusion

This report outlines a strategic roadmap for the development of Ethiopia's mineral sector, emphasizing the need for long-term planning, institutional reform, legal clarity, and stakeholder engagement. It serves as a foundational document for Ethiopia's efforts to leverage its mineral resources for economic growth and transformation.