2014年-世界发展银行全球_The_World_Bank_Group_Goals___End_Extreme_Poverty_and_Promote_Shared_Prosperity_36页_3mb

World Bank Group Goals Summary

Core Content

The World Bank Group has established two primary goals:

1. Ending Extreme Poverty by reducing the global extreme poverty rate to no more than 3 percent by 2030.
2. Promoting Shared Prosperity, which focuses on fostering income growth for the bottom 40 percent of the population in every country.

These goals are framed as moral imperatives and are intended to guide the World Bank Group's strategy as it transitions into a "Solutions Bank." They are aligned with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Post-2015 Agenda, emphasizing the importance of global cooperation and national efforts to achieve them.

Main Goals and Indicators

Ending Extreme Poverty

• Definition: The percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day should fall to no more than 3 percent by 2030.
• Challenges:
  • Achieving this requires sustained high economic growth and effective poverty reduction strategies.
  • Inequality and global shocks (e.g., financial, food, or fuel crises) can hinder progress.
  • Some of the poorest countries may not meet this target, especially those in fragile and conflict-affected situations.
• Regional Trends:
  • East Asia and Pacific (including China) have made significant progress in reducing extreme poverty.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia still face substantial challenges, with some countries having extreme poverty rates over 60% or even 80%.
• Importance of Growth:
  • Maintaining a growth rate of at least the same level as since 1999 is necessary to achieve the target.
  • The pace of poverty reduction is expected to slow as the rate declines.

Promoting Shared Prosperity

• Definition: Fostering income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population in every country.
• Key Elements:
  • A growing economy.
  • Equity and inclusion.
• Implications:
  • Shared prosperity is not about redistributing a fixed economic pie but expanding it.
  • It requires sustainable growth that benefits all segments of society, especially the poor.
  • Inequality must be addressed to ensure long-term shared prosperity.
• Performance Measures:
  • Growth of the bottom 40 percent should be higher than or at least equal to the average income growth.
  • In many countries, including Brazil and Mexico, the bottom 40 percent has grown faster than the average, indicating a decline in inequality.

Pathways to Shared Prosperity and Poverty Reduction

• Labor Market Factors:
  • Job creation and better-paying jobs have been the most significant contributors to poverty reduction.
  • Growth in labor-intensive sectors and diversified economic activity can help reduce poverty and inequality.
• Government Role:
  • Governments are critical in creating an environment conducive to growth and inclusion.
  • They must improve competitiveness, investment climate, and innovation.
  • Investment in human capital (education, health, nutrition) is essential for long-term productivity and mobility.
• Social Contract:
  • A stable and inclusive social contract is needed to ensure that growth benefits the poor.
  • This includes safety nets, gender equality, and opportunities for all citizens, including women and youth.
  • Gender equality enhances productivity, improves outcomes for future generations, and promotes more representative institutions.

Sustainability

• Environmental Sustainability:
  • The World Bank Group emphasizes the need for sustainable development that manages natural resources for future generations.
  • Green growth is seen as the only viable path to reconcile economic development with environmental protection.
  • Current environmental degradation, such as deforestation and CO₂ emissions, threatens long-term development and poverty reduction.
• Social and Fiscal Sustainability:
  • Social inclusion and fiscal responsibility are essential to ensure that future generations do not inherit unsustainable levels of debt.
  • The Bank is working on new indicators that include environmental and social costs, such as "genuine savings" and natural capital accounting.
• Climate Change:
  • Climate change disproportionately affects the poorest countries and people, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
  • Adaptation and resilience-building are critical for maintaining progress toward poverty reduction.

Key Figures and Data

• Figure 1: Shows the decline in the population of extreme poor across regions, highlighting China's significant contribution.
• Figure 2: Illustrates the steady decline in poverty since the 1980s, with Africa lagging behind.
• Figure 3: Demonstrates that inequality is generally lower in high-income countries.
• Figure 4: Indicates that in 60% of developing countries, the bottom 40 percent's income grew faster than the average.
• Figure B1: Highlights the high levels of extreme poverty in selected low-income countries.

Conclusion

The World Bank Group aims to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity through a combination of economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. These goals are ambitious but achievable, requiring coordinated global and national efforts, structural reforms, and a focus on the well-being of the poorest segments of society. The Bank is committed to developing new indicators that reflect the multidimensional nature of poverty and prosperity, ensuring that progress is both measurable and meaningful.