2016年-世界发展银行全球_The_Little_Data_Book_on_Gender_2016_247页_1mb

The Little Data Book on Gender 2016 Summary

Core Content

The Little Data Book on Gender 2016 is a comprehensive reference document that provides sex-disaggregated data for over 200 countries, focusing on education, health, economic opportunities, public life, and decision-making. It also includes regional and income group aggregates to offer a broader overview of gender-related statistics.

The report is aligned with the World Development Report 2012 on Gender Equality and Development and reflects the progress and persistent challenges in achieving gender equality across the globe. It emphasizes that gender equality is not only a development objective but also a smart economic strategy, as it contributes to more inclusive and sustainable growth.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by world leaders in 2015, includes a stand-alone goal on gender equality and women's empowerment (Goal 5), as well as gender-related targets in other goals. This has increased the need for systematic gender data collection at all levels to monitor progress and address remaining gaps.

The World Bank's Gender Data Portal is highlighted as a key resource for accessing the latest gender-relevant data, tools, and training materials across various sectors such as employment, education, health, public life, human rights, and demographics.

Key Information

• Data Coverage: The data in the book are for 2000 and 2013 or the most recent year, unless otherwise noted.
• Data Notes:
  • Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise specified.
  • Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.
  • Italicized figures indicate data for years or periods other than those specified.
  • ".." denotes missing data or inability to calculate aggregates.
  • "0" or "0.0" means the value is zero or too small to round up.
  • "$" represents current U.S. dollars.
• Data Disclaimer: The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data and does not endorse any territorial boundaries or legal status shown in the data.

Main Views

• Progress in Education: Across regions, there has been significant improvement in primary and secondary enrollment rates, as well as literacy rates among youth.
• Health Improvements: There has been a decline in under-five mortality rates and maternal mortality ratios, though disparities still exist between genders.
• Economic Participation: While labor force participation rates have increased, gender gaps in employment and economic opportunities remain. Women's participation in wage employment is notable, but unpaid family work continues to be a major issue.
• Persistent Challenges: Despite progress, gender inequality persists in areas such as economic opportunity and agency, particularly due to unpaid work burdens, legal discrimination, and gender-based violence.
• Need for Data Improvement: There is a continued need for strengthening national capacities to collect and monitor gender-related data, especially to support the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

Structure of the Document

• Regions Covered:
  • East Asia and Pacific
  • Europe and Central Asia
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Middle East and North Africa
  • South Asia
  • Sub-Saharan Africa
• Income Groups:
  • Low income
  • Middle income
  • Lower middle income
  • Upper middle income
  • Low and middle income
  • High income
  • Euro area
• Country Tables: The book includes country-specific tables in alphabetical order, with notes and glossary for additional context and clarification.

Additional Sections

• Acknowledgments: The book is a collaborative effort between the Development Data Group and the Gender Cross-Cutting Solution Area.
• Introduction: Provides an overview of the book's purpose and structure, highlighting its role in tracking gender-related indicators and supporting policy-making and development efforts.
• Rights and Permissions: The book is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license, allowing users to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the content, provided they cite the source and add appropriate disclaimers for translations and adaptations.

Summary of Regional Tables

Summary of Key Indicators

Education

• Net primary enrollment rate: Improved from 81% (2000) to 88% (2013) for females and from 86% to 90% for males.
• Net secondary enrollment rate: Increased from 50% to 65% for females and from 55% to 67% for males.
• Primary completion rate: Improved from 78% to 91% for females and from 84% to 93% for males.
• Lower secondary completion rate: Increased from 60% to 74% for females and from 64% to 74% for males.
• Youth literacy rate: Improved from 84% to 89% for females and from 91% to 93% for males.

Health and Related Services

• Sex ratio at birth: Slightly decreased from 1.08 to 1.07.
• Under-five mortality rate: Declined from 74 to 41 for females and from 78 to 44 for males.
• Life expectancy at birth: Increased from 70 to 73 for females and from 66 to 69 for males.
• Maternal mortality ratio: Reduced from 330 to 210 for females and from 330 to 210 for males.
• Prenatal care: Improved from 69% to 82% for females.
• Skilled birth attendance: Increased from 60% to 68% for females.

Economic Structure, Participation, and Access to Resources

• Labor force participation rate: Increased from 52% to 50% for females and from 79% to 77% for males.
• Employment to population ratio: Increased from 49% to 47% for females and from 74% to 72% for males.
• Women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector: Increased from 37% to 43%.
• Unemployment rates: Slightly decreased for both genders, but still present.
• Access to financial services: Increased from 57% to 64% for females.
• Mobile account usage: Increased from 1.6% to 2.5% for females.

Conclusion

The Little Data Book on Gender 2016 serves as a valuable resource for understanding gender disparities and progress across different regions and income groups. It highlights the importance of gender equality in development and the need for continued efforts to address persistent gaps in economic opportunity, agency, and access to resources. The document also emphasizes the role of data collection in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and supports policy-making with gender-disaggregated statistics.