2012年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2013___Kazakhstan_118页_1mb

Kazakhstan Economy Profile - Doing Business 2013

Core Content

This document provides an overview of the business environment in Kazakhstan as measured by the Doing Business 2013 report, which evaluates regulations affecting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across 11 key areas. The report compares Kazakhstan's performance with other economies and highlights the ease of doing business through rankings and indicators.

Key Information

• Region: Eastern Europe & Central Asia
• Income Category: Upper middle income
• Population: 16,558,459
• GNI per capita (US$): 8,220
• DB2013 Rank: 49
• DB2012 Rank: 56 (adjusted for data corrections and new economies)
• Change in Rank: -7 (improvement)

Main Topics and Indicators

1. Ease of Doing Business Index

• Purpose: Measures the ease of starting and running a business across 11 areas.
• Indicators Covered: Starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and employing workers.
• Methodology:
  • Rankings are based on a simple average of percentile rankings on each of the 10 topics.
  • The distance to frontier measure is introduced to assess how far an economy is from the best practices in each indicator.

2. Starting a Business

• Procedures: 6 procedures required (same in 2012 and 2013).
• Time: 19 days (same in 2012 and 2013).
• Cost: 0.6% of income per capita (down from 0.8% in 2012).
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.0% of income per capita (down from 0.0% in 2012).
• Global Rank: 25th (improved from 55th in 2012).
• Best Performer: New Zealand (rank 1).

3. Business Registration Reforms in Kazakhstan

• DB2008 & DB2009: No reforms recorded.
• DB2010: Simplified documentation and abolished the requirement to register at the local tax office.
• DB2011: Reduced minimum capital requirement to 100 tenge ($0.70) and eliminated the need to notarize the memorandum of association and company charter.
• DB2012: No reforms recorded.
• DB2013: Eliminated the requirement to pay in minimum capital within 3 months after incorporation.

4. Other Key Indicators

Main Points

• Ease of Doing Business: Kazakhstan improved its rank from 56 to 49, indicating progress in regulatory reforms.
• Starting a Business: The process is relatively simple, requiring 6 procedures, taking 19 days, and costing 0.6% of income per capita.
• Construction Permits: Kazakhstan ranks 155th, with 32 procedures and 189 days of processing, far behind the best performer, Hong Kong SAR, China.
• Getting Electricity: Kazakhstan ranks 80th, with 6 procedures and 88 days, while Iceland is the best performer.
• Registering Property: Kazakhstan ranks 28th, with 4 procedures and 40 days, while Georgia is the best performer.
• Getting Credit: Kazakhstan ranks 83rd, with a strength of legal rights index of 4 and depth of credit information index of 5.
• Protecting Investors: Kazakhstan ranks 10th, with high scores on disclosure and shareholder suits but lower on director liability.
• Paying Taxes: Kazakhstan ranks 17th, with 7 payments and 188 hours of processing.
• Trading Across Borders: Kazakhstan ranks 182nd, with high costs and time compared to the best performer, Singapore.
• Enforcing Contracts: Kazakhstan ranks 28th, with 370 days of processing and a cost of 22% of claim.
• Resolving Insolvency: Kazakhstan ranks 55th, with 1.5 years and a cost of 15% of estate.

Summary

The report highlights that while Kazakhstan has made some progress in improving its business environment, it still lags behind many comparator economies in areas such as construction permits, electricity access, and trading across borders. The distance to frontier measure shows that the country is moving closer to best practices in some areas but still has significant room for improvement. Key reforms in recent years include simplifying the business registration process and reducing minimum capital requirements, which have positively impacted the ease of starting a business. However, further regulatory improvements are needed to enhance the overall business environment and competitiveness.