WTO-2018贸易概况（英文）-2018.11-404页-12mb

Trade Profiles 2018 Summary

Core Content

The Trade Profiles 2018 publication provides key trade indicators for 197 economies, including data on merchandise trade, trade in commercial services, and industrial property. The data are sourced from various international organizations and national statistical authorities and presented in a standardized format for easy comparison.

Main Sections

1. Introduction

   • Trade Profiles contain detailed information on merchandise trade flows, top products traded, trade in commercial services, and intellectual property statistics.
   • Data are available for WTO Members, Observers, and other selected economies.
   • The data are based on customs statistics, national accounts, Balance of Payments, FATS, and industrial property statistics.

2. Technical Notes

   • GDP is measured in nominal terms using market exchange rates.
   • GDP per capita is calculated using data from the three latest years.
   • Current account balance is defined as the sum of net exports, net primary income, and net secondary income divided by GDP.
   • Trade per capita is calculated as the average of exports and imports divided by population.
   • Trade to GDP ratio is the average of exports and imports divided by GDP.
   • Ranks in world trade are calculated with the EU (28) treated as a single entity or individual members, depending on the context.

3. Trade in Commercial Services

   • Statistics are based on Balance of Payments data.
   • Breakdowns are by main service item and major origins/destinations.
   • Includes FATS sales (foreign affiliates with more than 50% voting power), Transport, Travel, Other commercial services, and Goods-related services.

4. Industrial Property Indicators

   • Annual number of applications for patents, trademarks, and industrial designs.
   • Data are recorded by filing offices and include both residents and non-residents.

Key Indicators

• GDP (2017): $20,889 million
• GDP per capita (2015-2017): $591
• Current account balance (% GDP, 2017): 1.6%
• Trade per capita (2015-2017): $133
• Trade (% GDP, 2015-2017): 22.5%
• Rank in world merchandise trade (2017): 156
• Rank in world commercial services trade (2017): 129

Merchandise Trade Breakdown (2016)

• Agricultural products: 73.3%
• Fuels and mining products: 1.1%
• Manufactures: 6.6%
• Other: 19%

Top Exported Agricultural Products (2016)

• HS0806: Grapes, fresh or dried ($96 million)
• HS1302: Vegetable saps and extracts ($86 million)
• HS0802: Other nuts, fresh or dried ($56 million)
• HS0804: Dates, figs, pineapples, avocados ($34 million)
• HS1007: Grain sorghum ($33 million)

Top Imported Agricultural Products (2016)

• HS1101: Wheat or meslin flour ($664 million)
• HS1518: Animal or vegetable fats and oils ($316 million)
• HS0902: Tea ($90 million)
• HS1701: Cane or beet sugar ($62 million)

Non-Agricultural Products (2016)

• Top Exported Products:

  • HS5701: Textile floor covering, knotted ($39 million)
  • HS2515: Marble, travertine, ecaussine ($5 million)
  • HS2516: Granite, porphyry, basalt ($1 million)
  • HS2611: Tungsten ores and concentrates ($0.2 million)
  • HS4803: Toilet or facial tissue stock ($0.1 million)

• Top Imported Products:

  • HS2703: Peat (including peat litter) ($598 million)
  • HS5808: Braids and ornamental trimmings ($335 million)
  • HS2711: Petroleum gases ($296 million)
  • HS9028: Gas, liquid or electricity supply ($261 million)
  • HS8474: Machinery for sorting, screening ($229 million)

Trade in Commercial Services (2017)

• Commercial services exports: $324 million
• Commercial services imports: $1,516 million
• Share in world total exports (%): 0.01%
• Share in world total imports (%): 0.03%

Breakdown by Main Services Item (2017)

• Transport: 8.1%
• Travel: 0.2%
• Other commercial services: 91.7%
• Goods-related services: 0%

Trade in Transport (2017)

• Exports: $26 million
• Imports: $1,135 million
• By sea (2016): 26 million
• By air (2017): 105 million
• By other (2017): 1,043 million

Trade in Travel (2017)

• Exports: $1 million
• Imports: $105 million
• Annual percentage change (2017): -98%

Other Commercial Services and Goods-related Services (2017)

• Other business services:
  • Exports: $297 million
  • Imports: $265 million
• ICTs:
  • Exports: $297 million
  • Imports: $265 million
• Goods-related services:
  • Exports: $0 million
  • Imports: $11 million

Industrial Property

• Patent applications: Data for residents and non-residents are recorded by filing offices.
• Trademark applications: Data for residents and non-residents are recorded by filing offices.
• Industrial design applications: Data for residents and non-residents are recorded by filing offices.

Additional Notes

• Minor discrepancies are due to rounding.
• Annual average percentage changes are calculated using geometric averages.
• In case of data unavailability for 2017, the average annual percentage change is calculated from 2010 to the latest available year.
• Trade figures include intra-trade of free trade areas, customs unions, and other groups.
• Merchandise trade figures are on a customs basis.
• Merchandise exports are f.o.b. and merchandise imports are c.i.f.
• Data for the latest year are provisional.
• The statistical data are supplied by and under the responsibility of relevant statistical authorities.
• FATS sales refer to foreign affiliates with more than 50% voting power, primarily engaged in services activities.