2007年-世界发展银行全球_Survey_of_ICT_and_Education_in_Africa___Chad_Country_Report_8页_272kb

ICT in Education in Chad

Core Content

This document provides an overview of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Chad, as of May 2007. It outlines the current state of ICT adoption, existing initiatives, infrastructure, and policy development in the education sector, highlighting both opportunities and challenges.

Main Points

National Strategy and Policy

• Chad has adopted a 10-year strategy called Education and Training in Liaison with Employment (EFE), based on an orientation plan from 1990.
• A national ICT policy is in the process of being developed.
• There is no formal ICT policy currently in place, but awareness is growing through the Centre National d'Appui à la Recherche (CNAR), which coordinates national research and operates an email service connected to UNDP.

Education System Overview

• The education system is divided into categories: Childhood Protection Programme, Elementary education, Literacy, General secondary education, Technical education, and Higher education.
• Primary school enrolment increased from 66.7% in 2000 to 71.0% in 2004.
• Secondary school enrolment rose from 11.0% to 15.1% during the same period.
• Tertiary school enrolment was at 0.8% in 2000, with no data provided for 2004.
• The ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education improved from 55.4% to 58.0%.
• Adult literacy rate was 25.7% in 2004.

ICT Infrastructure

• Chad was connected to the World Wide Web in 1997 via the Bagnollet Paris node, with plans for additional nodes in Moundou, Sarh, and Abeche.
• ChadNet, an affiliate of SOTEL Chad, monopolised internet service until 2006.
• VoIP was used to reduce connection fees by 25%.
• In 2003, there were approximately 60,000 Internet users, with 3,000 subscribers.
• N'Djamena has three cyber cafés, but they face issues like slow internet speed and frequent power cuts.
• The cost of internet access is high, at FCFA 100 (~USD 0.20) per minute, making it inaccessible for most people.

ICT in Education Initiatives

• The Centre of Access to Information (CNF) in N'Djamena, launched in 2001, has evolved into a francophone digital campus.
• It is equipped with three servers and 31 workstations.
• Activities include training trainers, ICT-intensive in-service training for university staff, and access to online educational resources.
• Distance education is being explored to improve teacher training, reduce classroom disruption, and enhance pedagogical skills for primary and general secondary teachers.
• The Programme to support the Renovation of Chad's Education Sector (PARSET) is expected to assist in funding these initiatives.

Key Institutions Involved in ICT Training

• ENTP (National School of Public Works) in N'Djamena offers basic computer training, word processing, spreadsheet use, and computer-assisted drawing (Autocad).
• ENTC (National School of Telecommunications) in Sarh and University of N'Djamena are also principal institutions in ICT training.

ICT Projects and Partnerships

• The Global Education and Learning Community (GELC), launched in 2004 in collaboration with Sun Microsystems Inc, aims to improve global education through Web content and free open-source software.
• The project focuses on ICT skills development, local content creation, and raising awareness of ICT's role in socio-economic development.
• The GELC is expected to continue until 2015.

Factors Influencing ICT Adoption

• Enabling Features:
  • The Investments Code of 1987 is being adjusted to fit the CEMAC Investments Charter.
• Constraining Features:
  • No formal ICT policy.
  • Unequal access between genders.
  • Limited computer technology resources and high costs.
  • Insufficient development of learning resources.

Key Information

• ICT in Education is at a dynamic stage in Africa, with rapid developments.
• Financial constraints are the main obstacle to ICT expansion in education.
• Infrastructure development is limited, with slow internet and high costs.
• Distance education is a priority to improve teacher training and reduce disruptions.
• GELC is a key project aimed at enhancing ICT use in education through free content and capacity building.

References and Further Reading

• Annual Statistics 99/00: Country Balance Statement for Chad, 2000.
• Demographic Survey of Health in Chad, 1997.
• World Report on Human Development (IDH), 2002.
• UNDP and World Bank reports on economic and social context.
• ITU, WEF, Global Insight/WITSA, and other sources for ICT sector data.
• Resources from the Africa Computing Association and ICT Policy Observatory in Africa.

Notes

• The document is a snapshot of ICT in education in Chad, and some data may be outdated.
• Users are advised to cross-reference with the original sources or use a search engine for updated information.