2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Turkey_111页_1mb

Doing Business 2017: Turkey Summary

Core Content

Doing Business 2017 is a World Bank Group flagship report that evaluates the ease of doing business across 190 economies, focusing on regulations that impact the life cycle of a small to medium-sized business. The report measures 11 key areas, including starting a business, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, and resolving insolvency, among others. Turkey's performance in these areas is analyzed alongside comparator economies to provide insights into regulatory efficiency and opportunities for reform.

Main Topics and Indicators

1. Starting a Business

• Rank (2017): 79
• DTF Score (2017): 86.98
• Procedures (Men): 7
• Time (Men, days): 6.5
• Cost (Men, % of income per capita): 16.4
• Procedures (Women): 7
• Time (Women, days): 6.5
• Cost (Women, % of income per capita): 16.4

Turkey's ranking for starting a business improved slightly from 90 in 2016 to 79 in 2017. The DTF score also increased from 85.18 to 86.98. However, the country still lags behind top performers like New Zealand, which has a DTF score of 99.96.

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank (2017): 102
• DTF Score (2017): 67.86
• Procedures: 18
• Time (days): 103.0
• Cost (% of warehouse value): 3.5
• Building Quality Control Index (0-15): 9.5

Turkey's ranking for dealing with construction permits remained unchanged at 102, while the DTF score slightly decreased from 67.82 to 67.86. The process involves 18 procedures, taking 103 days and costing 3.5% of warehouse value. It is significantly more onerous than in countries like Georgia (rank 8) and New Zealand (DTF score 87.40).

3. Getting Electricity

• Rank (2017): 58
• DTF Score (2017): 79.66
• Procedures: 4
• Time (days): 63.0
• Cost (% of income per capita): 617.3
• Reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index (0-8): 5.0

Turkey's rank for getting electricity dropped from 36 in 2016 to 58 in 2017. The DTF score also declined slightly from 82.84 to 79.66. It takes 63 days and costs 617.3% of income per capita, which is still higher than in many comparator economies, such as Georgia and Korea, Rep. (rank 1).

4. Registering Property

• Rank (2017): 54
• DTF Score (2017): 73.01
• Procedures: 7
• Time (days): 7.0
• Cost (% of property value): 4.0
• Quality of Land Administration Index (0-30): 21.5

Turkey's rank for registering property remained stable at 54, with a DTF score of 73.01. The process involves 7 procedures, taking 7 days and costing 4.0% of property value. It is more efficient than many comparator economies, but still behind top performers like New Zealand (rank 1, DTF score 94.46).

5. Getting Credit

• Rank (2017): 82
• DTF Score (2017): 50.00
• Strength of Legal Rights Index (0-12): 3.0
• Depth of Credit Information Index (0-8): 7.0
• Credit Registry Coverage (% of adults): 76.6
• Credit Bureau Coverage (% of adults): 0.0

Turkey's ranking for getting credit increased from 78 in 2016 to 82 in 2017. The DTF score remained at 50.00. The credit registry coverage is relatively high at 76.6%, but credit bureau coverage is zero, indicating a significant gap in credit information systems.

6. Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank (2017): 22
• DTF Score (2017): 70.00
• Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index (0-10): 7.0
• Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index (0-10): 6.7
• Extent of Shareholder Governance Index (0-10): 7.3

Turkey's rank for protecting minority investors improved from 18 in 2016 to 22 in 2017. The DTF score remained at 70.00. The country scores well in shareholder governance and conflict of interest regulation but has room for improvement in minority investor protection.

7. Paying Taxes

• Rank (2017): 128
• DTF Score (2017): 60.83
• Payments (per year): 11
• Time (hours per year): 216.5
• Total Tax Rate (% of profit): 41.1
• Postfiling Index (0-100): 3.9

Turkey's ranking for paying taxes remained at 128, and the DTF score slightly improved from 60.47 to 60.83. The country has 11 tax payments per year, taking 216.5 hours. The total tax rate is high at 41.1%, and the postfiling index is low, indicating inefficiencies in tax processes.

8. Trading Across Borders

• Rank (2017): 70
• DTF Score (2017): 79.71
• Time to Export: Border Compliance (hours): 16
• Cost to Export: Border Compliance (USD): 376
• Time to Export: Documentary Compliance (hours): 5
• Cost to Export: Documentary Compliance (USD): 87
• Time to Import: Border Compliance (hours): 41
• Cost to Import: Border Compliance (USD): 655
• Time to Import: Documentary Compliance (hours): 11
• Cost to Import: Documentary Compliance (USD): 142

Turkey's ranking for trading across borders remained at 70, with a DTF score of 79.71. The country has moderate efficiency in export and import processes, but there is room for improvement in reducing time and costs.

9. Enforcing Contracts

• Rank (2017): 33
• DTF Score (2017): 68.87
• Time (days): 580.0
• Cost (% of claim): 24.9
• Quality of Judicial Processes Index (0-18): 13.0

Turkey's ranking for enforcing contracts improved slightly from 32 in 2016 to 33 in 2017. The DTF score also increased slightly to 68.87. The process takes 580 days and costs 24.9% of the claim, which is significantly higher than in top performers like Singapore (rank 1, DTF score 84.15).

10. Resolving Insolvency

• Rank (2017): 126
• DTF Score (2017): 34.98
• Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 18.5
• Time (years): 4.5
• Cost (% of estate): 14.5
• Strength of Insolvency Framework Index (0-16): 8.0

Turkey's rank for resolving insolvency dropped from 124 in 2016 to 126 in 2017. The DTF score decreased slightly to 34.98. The recovery rate is low at 18.5 cents per dollar, and the process takes 4.5 years. The insolvency framework is weak compared to top performers like Finland (rank 1, DTF score 93.89).

Key Findings and Insights

• Ranking Changes: Turkey's overall rank in the Doing Business index improved slightly from 63 in 2016 to 69 in 2017, but the DTF score decreased slightly from 67.3 to 67.19.
• Methodology Updates: The 2017 edition introduced a gender dimension in several indicators and expanded the scope to include Somalia, bringing the total number of economies covered to 190.
• Gender Component: The report now includes data on how business processes differ for men and women, highlighting the need for gender-sensitive reforms.
• Comparative Performance: Turkey's performance is generally lower than that of many comparator economies, especially in areas like getting credit, resolving insolvency, and enforcing contracts.
• Regulatory Reforms: The report provides insights into which reforms have worked and where further improvements are needed to enhance the business environment.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2017 report highlights both the progress and challenges Turkey faces in creating a more business-friendly regulatory environment. While the country has made some improvements in key areas, it still lags behind top performers in several indicators. The introduction of gender-based data and expanded coverage provide a more comprehensive view of the business environment, supporting policymakers in identifying areas for reform.