【世界银行】护理热潮：通过沙特阿拉伯的技术和职业教育解决护理问题-2024_114页_4mb

Executive Summary

The care economy is a critical component of Saudi Arabia's development, offering substantial economic and social benefits. It enhances quality of life, supports labor force participation, boosts GDP, and reduces gender disparities. However, demand for care services is surging due to demographic shifts, including a growing population of children, older persons, and people with disabilities. Current care provision relies heavily on unpaid family members and low-skilled domestic workers, with a severe shortage of trained professionals. Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) can address these gaps by providing practical, intermediate-skilled training, thereby improving care quality, professionalizing the workforce, and creating employment opportunities.

Key Challenges

Saudi Arabia's care economy faces significant pressure from its evolving demographics, with a sandwich generation caring for both children and aging parents. This growth in dependency ratios strains resources and increases demand for services. The care workforce is predominantly female-based and unpaid, leading to labor market constraints for women. Additionally, there is a high reliance on domestic workers and migrant labor, resulting in skill mismatches and affordability issues. Training levels are insufficient compared to high-income countries, particularly in healthcare, education, and social services.

Recommendations

To meet future care demands, TVET should be strategically enhanced through the A.I.D.E. framework:

• Evaluate and expand training programs to address specific skill gaps.
• Increase access to care professions, emphasizing dual qualification levels and interdisciplinary training.
• Integrate care modules into existing curricula and foster partnerships for continuous skill development and emerging needs.
  TVTC can play a pivotal role in these reforms, driving workforce diversity and quality improvement by aligning with Vision 2030 goals. Collaboration with stakeholders, including governments, private sector, and international partners, is crucial for effective policy implementation.

Potential Impact and Next Steps

Implementing TVET-focused reforms could transform the care economy, enabling job creation, economic inclusion, and gender equality. By 2030, this could yield millions of new jobs and improved livelihoods. Immediate actions include conducting comprehensive skill assessments, designing targeted training packages, and establishing recognition systems for migrant qualifications. The TVTC's proactive involvement will position Saudi Arabia as a leader in care workforce development, ensuring sustainable and equitable growth.