战略与国际研究中心-US-Military-Forces-in-FY-2020--Air-Force_29页_1mb
报告摘要
USAF Structure and Leadership Overview
Core Organization of the Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is a military department within the Department of Defense (DOD), which was established in 1947. The DOD is led by the Secretary of Defense, and the USAF is headed by the Secretary of the Air Force, supported by the Secretariat. The Chief of Staff, USAF, oversees the Air Staff and serves as the principal military advisor to the Secretary of the Air Force. Major commands report to the Chief of Staff and are responsible for broad functional responsibilities.
The fundamental unit of the USAF is the wing, which typically includes:
- Operations Group: Aircrews, intelligence units, and others.
- Logistics Group: Maintenance and supply squadrons.
- Support Group: Security forces, civil engineers, and other support functions.
- Medical Group: Medical services and support.
Most units are assigned to one of the major commands, which are led by general officers. These commands may be further divided into numbered air forces.
Historical Evolution of USAF Leadership
Early Leadership of the Air Force
- Aeronautical Division, US Signal Corps (1907–1914): Led by Capt. Charles deForest Chandler and Capt. Arthur S. Cowan.
- Aviation Section, US Signal Corps (1914–1918): Led by Lt. Col. Samuel Reber, Lt. Col. George O. Squier, and Lt. Col. John B. Bennet.
- Division of Military Aeronautics (1918): Directed by Maj. Gen. William L. Kenly.
- Army Air Service (1918–1926): Directed by John D. Ryan and Maj. Gen. Charles T. Menoher.
- Army Air Corps (1926–1947): Chief of Air Corps was Maj. Gen. Mason M. Patrick, followed by Maj. Gen. James E. Fechet, Maj. Gen. Benjamin D. Foulois, Maj. Gen. Oscar Westover, and finally Maj. Gen. Henry H. Arnold.
- Army Air Forces (1941–1947): Led by Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold and later Gen. Carl A. Spaatz.
- United States Air Force (1947): The first Chief of Staff was Gen. Carl A. Spaatz, who was succeeded by Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg in 1948.
Key Leadership Changes
- 1949: The title "General of the Army" for Henry H. Arnold was changed to "General of the Air Force" by an Act of Congress.
- 1947: The position of Chief of Staff was established by a DOD-approved Army-Air Force Transfer Order.
Key Command Structures and Leadership
USAF Secretaries (1947–Present)
| Secretary | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Stuart Symington | Sept. 18, 1947 – April 24, 1950 |
| Thomas K. Finletter | April 24, 1950 – Jan. 20, 1953 |
| Harold E. Talbott | Feb. 4, 1953 – Aug. 13, 1955 |
| Donald A. Quarles | Aug. 15, 1955 – April 30, 1957 |
| James H. Douglas Jr. | May 1, 1957 – Dec. 10, 1959 |
| Dudley C. Sharp | Dec. 11, 1959 – Jan. 20, 1961 |
| Eugene M. Zuckert | Jan. 24, 1961 – Sept. 30, 1965 |
| Harold Brown | Oct. 1, 1965 – Feb. 15, 1969 |
| Robert C. Seamans Jr. | Feb. 15, 1969 – May 14, 1973 |
| John L. McLucas (acting) | May 15, 1973 – July 18, 1973 |
| John L. McLucas | July 18, 1973 – Nov. 23, 1975 |
| James W. Plummer (acting) | Nov. 24, 1975 – Jan. 1, 1976 |
| Thomas C. Reed | Jan. 2, 1976 – April 6, 1977 |
| John C. Stetson | April 6, 1977 – May 18, 1979 |
| Hans Mark (acting) | May 18, 1979 – July 26, 1979 |
| Hans Mark | July 26, 1979 – Feb. 9, 1981 |
| Verne Orr | Feb. 9, 1981 – Nov. 30, 1985 |
| Russell A. Rourke | Dec. 9, 1985 – April 7, 1986 |
| Edward C. Aldridge Jr. (acting) | April 8, 1986 – June 8, 1986 |
| Edward C. Aldridge Jr. | June 9, 1986 – Dec. 16, 1988 |
| James F. McGovern (acting) | Dec. 16, 1988 – April 29, 1989 |
| John J. Welch Jr. (acting) | April 29, 1989 – May 21, 1989 |
| Donald B. Rice | May 22, 1989 – Jan. 20, 1993 |
| Michael B. Donley (acting) | Jan. 20, 1993 – July 13, 1993 |
| Gen. Merrill A. McPeak (acting) | July 14, 1993 – Aug. 5, 1993 |
| Sheila E. Widnall | Aug. 6, 1993 – Oct. 31, 1997 |
| F. Whitten Peters (acting) | Nov. 1, 1997 – July 30, 1999 |
| F. Whitten Peters | July 30, 1999 – Jan. 20, 2001 |
| Lawrence J. Delaney (acting) | Jan. 20, 2001 – (date not specified) |
USAF Chiefs of Staff (1947–Present)
| Chief of Staff | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Gen. Carl A. Spaatz | Sept. 26, 1947 – April 29, 1948 |
| Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg | April 30, 1948 – June 30, 1953 |
| Gen. Nathan F. Twining | June 30, 1953 – June 30, 1957 |
| Gen. Thomas D. White | July 1, 1957 – June 30, 1961 |
| Gen. Curtis E. LeMay | June 30, 1961 – Jan. 31, 1965 |
| Gen. John P. McConnell | Feb. 1, 1965 – July 31, 1969 |
| Gen. John D. Ryan | Aug. 1, 1969 – July 31, 1973 |
| Gen. George S. Brown | Aug. 1, 1973 – June 30, 1974 |
| Gen. David C. Jones | July 1, 1974 – June 20, 1978 |
| Gen. Lew Allen Jr. | July 1, 1978 – June 30, 1982 |
| Gen. Charles A. Gabriel | July 1, 1982 – June 30, 1986 |
| Gen. Larry D. Welch | July 1, 1986 – June 30, 1990 |
| Gen. Michael J. Dugan | July 1, 1990 – Sept. 17, 1990 |
| Gen. John Michael Loh (acting) | Sept. 18, 1990 – Oct. 29, 1990 |
| Gen. Merrill A. McPeak | Oct. 30, 1990 – Oct. 25, 1994 |
| Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman | Oct. 26, 1994 – Sept. 1, 1997 |
| Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart (acting) | Sept. 2, 1997 – Oct. 5, 1997 |
| Gen. Michael E. Ryan | Oct. 6, 1997 – (date not specified) |
Major Commands and Their Leadership
Air Combat Command (1990–Present)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Gen. John Michael Loh | June 1, 1992 – June 22, 1995 |
| Gen. Joseph W. Ralston | June 23, 1995 – Feb. 27, 1996 |
| Lt. Gen. Brett M. Dula (acting) | Feb. 28, 1996 – April 4, 1996 |
| Gen. Richard E. Hawley | April 5, 1996 – June 11, 1999 |
| Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart | June 11, 1999 – Feb. 8, 2000 |
| Gen. John Michael Loh | Feb. 8, 2000 – (date not specified) |
Air Force Intelligence Command
- Maj. Gen. Gary W. O'Shaughnessy: Oct. 1, 1991 – June 1, 1993
- Maj. Gen. Kenneth A. Minihan: June 2, 1993 – Oct. 1, 1993
Air Force Logistics Command (1944–1992)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Lt. Gen. Nathan F. Twining | March 9, 1946 – Oct. 13, 1947 |
| Gen. Joseph T. McNarney | Oct. 14, 1947 – Aug. 31, 1949 |
| Lt. Gen. Benjamin W. Chidlaw | Sept. 1, 1949 – Aug. 20, 1951 |
| Gen. Edwin W. Rawlings | Aug. 21, 1951 – Feb. 28, 1959 |
| Lt. Gen. William F. McKee (acting) | March 1, 1959 – March 14, 1959 |
| Gen. Samuel E. Anderson | March 15, 1959 – July 31, 1961 |
| Gen. William V. McBride | Sept. 1, 1974 – Aug. 31, 1975 |
| Gen. F. Michael Rogers | Sept. 1, 1975 – June 30, 1977 |
| Gen. Charles C. McDonald | Oct. 31, 1989 – July 1, 1992 |
| Gen. Ronald W. Yates | July 1, 1992 – June 30, 1995 |
| Gen. Henry Viccellio Jr. | June 30, 1995 – May 9, 1997 |
| Gen. Lester L. Lyles | May 9, 1997 – (date not specified) |
Air Force Space Command (1982–2000)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Gen. James V. Hartinger | Sept. 1, 1982 – July 30, 1984 |
| Gen. Robert T. Herres | July 30, 1984 – Oct. 1, 1986 |
| Maj. Gen. Maurice C. Padden | Oct. 1, 1986 – Oct. 29, 1987 |
| Lt. Gen. Donald J. Kutyna | Oct. 29, 1987 – March 29, 1990 |
| Lt. Gen. Thomas S. Moorman Jr. | March 29, 1990 – March 23, 1992 |
| Gen. Donald J. Kutyna | March 23, 1992 – June 30, 1992 |
| Gen. Charles A. Horner | June 30, 1992 – Sept. 13, 1994 |
| Gen. Joseph W. Ashy | Sept. 13, 1994 – Aug. 26, 1996 |
| Gen. Howell M. Estes III | Aug. 26, 1996 – Aug. 14, 1998 |
| Gen. Richard B. Myers | Aug. 14, 1998 – Feb. 22, 2000 |
| Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart | Feb. 22, 2000 – (date not specified) |
Air Mobility Command (1992–Present)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Gen. Hansford T. Johnson | June 1, 1992 – Aug. 22, 1992 |
| Gen. Ronald R. Fogleman | Aug. 23, 1992 – Oct. 17, 1994 |
| Gen. Robert L. Rutherford | Oct. 18, 1994 – July 15, 1996 |
| Gen. Walter Kross | July 15, 1996 – Aug. 3, 1998 |
| Gen. Charles T. Robertson Jr. | Aug. 3, 1998 – (date not specified) |
Air National Guard (1945–Present)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Col. William A. R. Robertson | Nov. 28, 1945 – October 1948 |
| Maj. Gen. George G. Finch | October 1948 – Sept. 25, 1950 |
| Maj. Gen. Earl T. Ricks | Oct. 13, 1950 – Jan. 4, 1954 |
| Maj. Gen. Winston P. Wilson | Jan. 26, 1954 – Aug. 5, 1962 |
| Maj. Gen. I.G. Brown | Aug. 6, 1962 – April 19, 1974 |
| Maj. Gen. John J. Pesch | April 20, 1974 – Jan. 31, 1977 |
| Maj. Gen. John T. Guice | Feb. 1, 1977 – April 1, 1981 |
| Maj. Gen. John B. Conaway | April 1, 1981 – Nov. 1, 1988 |
| Maj. Gen. Philip G. Killey | Nov. 1, 1988 – Jan. 28, 1994 |
| Maj. Gen. Donald W. Shepperd | Jan. 28, 1994 – Jan. 28, 1998 |
| Maj. Gen. Paul A. Weaver Jr. | Jan. 28, 1998 – (date not specified) |
Other Major Commands and Leadership
Air Force Reserve Command (1968–Present)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Maj. Gen. Rollin B. Moore Jr. | Aug. 1, 1968 – Jan. 26, 1972 |
| Brig. Gen. Alfred Verhulst (acting) | Jan. 27, 1972 – March 15, 1972 |
| Maj. Gen. Homer I. Lewis | March 16, 1972 – April 8, 1975 |
| Maj. Gen. William Lyon | April 16, 1975 – April 16, 1980 |
| Maj. Gen. James E. Sherrard III | Jan. 28, 1998 – (date not specified) |
Air Proving Ground Command (1946–1957)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Maj. Gen. Carl A. Brandt | Oct. 1946 – Aug. 1948 |
| Maj. Gen. William E. Kepner | Aug. 1948 – June 1950 |
| Maj. Gen. Bryant L. Boatner | July 1950 – July 1952 |
| Maj. Gen. Patrick W. Timberlake | July 1952 – April 1955 |
| Maj. Gen. Robert W. Burns | Aug. 1955 – July 1957 |
Air University (1946–Present)
| Commanding General | Dates of Service |
|---|---|
| Maj. Gen. Muir S. Fairchild | March 15, 1946 – May 17, 1948 |
| Maj. Gen. Robert W. Harper | May 17, 1948 – Oct. 15, 1948 |
| Gen. George C. Kenney | Oct. 16, 1948 – July 27, 1951 |
| Lt. Gen. Idwal H. Edwards | July 28, 1951 – Feb. 28, 1953 |
| Maj. Gen. John DeF. Barker (acting) | March 1, 1953 – April 14, 1953 |
| Lt. Gen. Laurence S. Kuter | April 15, 1953 – May 31, 1955 |
| Lt. Gen. Dean C. Strother | June 1, 1955 – June 30, 1958 |
| Lt. Gen. Walter E. Todd | July 15, 1958 – July 31, 1961 |
| Lt. Gen. Troup Miller Jr. | Aug. 1, 1961 – Dec. 31, 1963 |
| Lt. Gen. Ralph P. Swofford Jr. | Jan. 1, 1964 – July 31, 1965 |
| Lt. Gen. John W. Carpenter III | Aug. 1, 1965 – July 31, 1968 |
| Lt. Gen. Albert P. Clark | Aug. 1, 1968 – July 31, 1970 |
| Lt. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem II | Aug. 1, 1970 – Oct. 31, 1973 |
| Lt. Gen. F. Michael Rogers | Nov. 1, 1973 – Aug. 31, 1975 |
| Lt. Gen. Raymond B. Furlong | Sept. 1, 1975 – July 1, 1979 |
| Lt. Gen. Stanley M. Umstead | July 1, 1979 – July 24, 1981 |
| Lt. Gen. Charles G. Cleveland | July 24, 1981 – Aug. 1, 1984 |
| Lt. Gen. Thomas C. Richards | Aug. 1, 1984 – Nov. 6, 1986 |
| Lt. Gen. Truman Spangrud | Nov. 6, 1986 – July 12, 1988 |
| Lt. Gen. Ralph E. Havens | July 12, 1988 – Oct. 6, 1989 |
| Maj. Gen. David C. Reed | Oct. 6, 1989 – Jan. 4, 1990 |
| Lt. Gen. Charles G. Boyd | Jan. 4, 1990 – Oct. 26, 1992 |
| Lt. Gen. Jay W. Kelley | Oct. 27, 1992 – June 30, 1993 |
Key Historical Notes
- Air Force Communications Command: Established in 1961, redesignated as Air Force Command, Control, Communications, and Computer Agency (FOA) in 1991.
- Air Force Intelligence Command: Active from 1991 to 1993, later merged with the Electronic Security Command.
- Air Force Logistics Command: Originally established as AAF Materiel and Services in 1944, inactivated in 1992.
- Air Force Materiel Command: Established in 1992, and was the successor to the Air Force Logistics Command.
- Air Defense Command: Established in 1946, inactivated in 1950, re-established in 1951, and redesignated Aerospace Defense Command in 1968, inactivated in 1980.
- Continental Air Command: Established in 1948, inactivated in 1968.
Conclusion
The USAF has evolved significantly since its establishment in 1947, transitioning from a part of the Army to an independent service. It has developed a complex command structure with major commands, wings, and specialized units, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. Leadership has changed frequently over the years, reflecting the dynamic nature of military operations and strategic shifts. The organization has also undergone several name changes and reorganizations to adapt to new technological and operational demands.
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