世界银行-微型电网储能：电池部署的现状和预测（英）-2023-60页._2mb

Energy Storage for Mini Grids: Status and Projections of Battery Deployment

Summary

This report by the Energy Storage Partnership (World Bank Group) analyzes the status and future of battery deployment in mini grids, particularly in developing countries. It highlights trends, challenges, and recommendations for accelerating energy storage solutions to improve energy access.

Key Findings

1. Market Growth: By 2030, the global demand for mini grid batteries is projected to rise from ~180 MWh/year (2021) to 3,600 MWh/year (high case), 2,200 MWh/year (base case), and 1,500 MWh/year (low case).

2. Technology Trends:

   • Lithium-ion (Li-ion) dominance is increasing, projected to rise from 55% in 2021 to 70% by 2030.
   • Liquid state-of-health (SoH) of Li-ion batteries is improving due to lower prices and longer lifespans (~6,000 cycles).
   • Lead-acid costs are minimal due to maturity but higher LCOS due to inefficiency and shorter lifespans.
   • Emerging technologies include vanadium flow, sodium-ion, iron-air, and hydrogen storage.

3. LCOS Considerations:

   • LCOS (Levelized Cost of Storage) is crucial for technology selection, prioritizing long-term cost savings over upfront CAPEX.
   • Li-ion offers lower LCOS than lead-acid due to efficiency and deeper discharge capability.

4. Challenges: Mini grids face barriers like high transportation costs in remote areas, poor monitoring tools, stranded assets, and lack of standardized policies.

Recommendations

1. Study battery performance in real-world conditions.
2. Adopt LCOS and safety standards for batteries.
3. Encourage second-life lithium-ion use and create recycling protocols.
4. Enable tax exemptions for storage units to reduce costs.
5. Explore hydrogen and flow battery solutions for long-term storage.

Key Technologies

This report calls for international cooperation, supportive policies, and technological innovation to transform energy access through sustainable mini grid deployment.