世界发展银行-Measuring-Individuals_-Rights-to-Land-_-An-Integrated-Approach-to-Data-Collection-for-SDG-Indicators-1.4.2-and-5.a.1_72页_6mb

Summary of Measuring Individuals' Rights to Land: An Integrated Approach to Data Collection for SDG Indicators 1.4.2 and 5.a.1

Core Content

This document outlines an integrated approach to data collection for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators 1.4.2 and 5.a.1. These indicators are designed to measure land tenure security for individuals, with a specific emphasis on gender equality. The document is a collaborative effort by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), UN-Habitat, and the World Bank, aimed at supporting national statistical offices and survey practitioners in collecting comparable and sex-disaggregated data for these indicators.

Main Indicators

SDG Indicator 1.4.2

• Definition: Proportion of the total adult population with secure tenure rights to land, measured by:
  • (a) Legally recognized documentation of land rights
  • (b) Perceived security of land rights
• Scope: Applies to all adults, regardless of residence or livelihood
• Data Sources: Multi-topic household surveys, population and housing censuses, and other relevant surveys
• Disaggregation: By sex and type of tenure, with additional levels recommended for policy analysis (e.g., income level, age group, geographic location)

SDG Indicator 5.a.1

• Definition: Measures gender disparities in agricultural land tenure rights, with two sub-indicators:
  • (a) Proportion of the total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land by sex
  • (b) Share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure
• Scope: Focuses on agricultural land, targeting adults living in agricultural households
• Data Sources: Agricultural surveys or multi-topic household surveys, with censuses as an alternative
• Disaggregation: By sex and type of tenure, with additional levels recommended for policy analysis

Key Differences Between Indicators

• Reference Population:
  • 1.4.2 considers the total adult population
  • 5.a.1 focuses on the adult agricultural population
• Land Type:
  • 1.4.2 includes all types of land (agricultural, residential, forest, etc.)
  • 5.a.1 is specific to agricultural land
• Tenure Rights Measured:
  • 1.4.2 uses both legal documentation and perceived security
  • 5.a.1 emphasizes legal documentation and alienation rights (right to sell or bequeath)

Main Recommendations

• Integrated Questionnaire Module: A harmonized questionnaire module has been developed to collect data for both indicators simultaneously, enhancing efficiency and comparability across countries.
• Self-Respondent Approach: The document strongly recommends the use of self-reporting to avoid potential biases from proxy respondents, although proxy options are also provided.
• Parcel-Level vs. Household-Level Data: The module is designed to be adaptable to both parcel-level and household-level data collection, depending on survey design.
• Metadata and Customization: The module can be customized to fit country-specific contexts and is suitable for integration into nationally-representative surveys.

Importance of Land Rights and Gender Equality

• Land Tenure Security: Secure land rights are essential for poverty reduction, food security, and sustainable development. They also influence investment in land and natural resources.
• Gender Equality: The SDGs emphasize the need to secure women's land rights and monitor gender equality in land and property rights. This is a significant advancement over the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which focused more narrowly on education.
• Human Rights Perspective: Gender equality in land ownership is recognized as a human right, with legal frameworks like the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) supporting this.

Methodological Considerations

• The document provides detailed guidance on how to implement the questionnaire module, including options for self- and proxy-respondents.
• It highlights the importance of identifying the correct reference population for each indicator, particularly for 5.a.1, which requires focusing on agricultural households.
• It recommends including specific questions from Annex II in surveys that do not already capture agricultural household data.
• The proposed methodology is aligned with the methodologies approved by the Inter-Agency Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDGs).

Conclusion

The integration of a standardized questionnaire module for SDG indicators 1.4.2 and 5.a.1 offers a valuable tool for data collection, promoting efficiency, accuracy, and cross-country comparability. It supports evidence-based policy making and monitoring of land governance for sustainable development, with a particular focus on ensuring that women and vulnerable groups are not left behind. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for survey designers and national statistical offices to implement these indicators effectively.