IEC-IEC白皮书：全球能源互联（英文）-2019.4-77页_3mb

报告摘要

Summary of Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) White Paper

Core Content

The Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) is a vision for a globally integrated energy system that combines the flow of energy, flow of information, and flow of business into an intelligent, automated, and networked system. It aims to ensure energy security on a universal scale by leveraging clean energy, Smart Grids, and Ultra-High Voltage (UHV) transmission technologies.

Main Objectives

To provide a high-level assessment of the potential needs, benefits, and conditions of GEI.
To examine the readiness of potential markets for the technologies that underpin GEI.
To identify technical and economic trends in related technologies.
To evaluate the impact on energy, environment, technologies, and policies.
To outline standardization strategies and provide recommendations for different stakeholders.

Key Challenges

Global energy consumption has increased significantly over the years, with fossil fuels still accounting for more than 85% of total energy use.
The global energy system is at a crossroads due to the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and address climate change.
Environmental pollution is a major concern, with an estimated 6.5 million annual deaths linked to air pollution, and the number is expected to rise unless the energy sector takes more decisive action.
The technical and economic feasibility of GEI is underpinned by the cost reductions in key technologies such as wind, solar, and renewable energy (RE), but large-scale transcontinental and global interconnections require unprecedented system integration.

Potential Benefits of GEI

Improved energy security through intercontinental and cross-border interconnections.
Balanced power supply by utilizing diverse time zones and seasons.
Increased utilization of renewable energy resources by connecting remote generation sites with demand centers.
Reduction in carbon emissions by decarbonizing the energy supply and increasing the share of clean energy.
Economic benefits through cost-effective energy deployment and market expansion.

Key Technologies for GEI

Ultra-High Voltage (UHV) transmission technologies (both AC and DC) are essential for long-distance power transmission.
Flexible AC/DC transmission systems (FACTS and MTDC) offer enhanced grid flexibility and reliability.
Smart Grid technologies are crucial for real-time monitoring, control, and optimization of the grid.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) support data exchange and system integration.
Asset Intelligence Networks (AIN) enable advanced planning, operation, and maintenance of the grid.
Meter Data Management (MDM) and energy billing and settlement are key components of GEI market communication platforms.

Standardization Needs

Systems standards are necessary to facilitate interoperability and international acceptance.
Management standards will support business integration and market development.
Standards for information exchange are essential for data sharing and system coordination.
Standards for new materials and equipment will ensure technical consistency and innovation.
International standards are vital for procurement, research, and real market opportunities.

Market Readiness

Global energy markets are increasingly ready for large-scale interconnection due to the availability of technologies and decreasing costs.
Practical experiences from national, regional, and transnational interconnections demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of such systems.
Economic feasibility of GEI is supported by cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and reduced energy intensity.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Policy-makers and regulators should support international cooperation and standardization efforts.
Industry stakeholders should focus on technology innovation, market development, and investment in infrastructure.
The IEC and its committees should lead the way in developing and promoting global standards for GEI to ensure technical and economic success.

Key Stakeholders and Organizations

State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC): Project leader and key contributor.
International Energy Agency (IEA): Project partner.
IEC Market Strategy Board (MSB): Oversees the project.
Other organizations: Including EDF, KEPCO, KERI, CIGRE, ENTSO-E, EPRI, and NGET.

Future Outlook

The global energy system is expected to see significant changes due to technological advancements and climate commitments.
GEI could be a viable solution to global energy challenges, including climate change and energy access.
Standardization is critical to enabling large-scale, transcontinental, and global interconnections.

Environmental Impact

Reducing carbon emissions is a central goal of GEI.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy production account for two-thirds of global emissions.
Clean air scenarios could reduce premature deaths from outdoor pollution by 1.7 million by 2040.
The cumulative CO2 emissions from the energy sector are expected to reach 880 to 1180 Gt by 2100, which is 60% of what was emitted in the last century.

Conclusion

The Global Energy Interconnection is a transformative concept that could reshape the global energy landscape. It requires coordinated international efforts, technological innovation, and standardization to achieve its full potential. With increased renewable deployment, Smart Grids, and UHV transmission, GEI offers a pathway to sustainable, secure, and affordable energy for the future.