2014年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2015___Zimbabwe_89页_1mb

Doing Business 2015: Summary of Zimbabwe

Core Content

Doing Business 2015 is a flagship report by the World Bank Group that evaluates the regulatory environment for small and medium-sized businesses across 189 economies. It measures and tracks changes in regulations across 11 key areas of the business life cycle, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation.

The report provides aggregate rankings and distance to frontier (DTF) scores to assess how easy or difficult it is to do business in an economy. These rankings and scores are based on a comparison of regulatory practices with those of other economies, and they help identify areas where reforms have improved or declined.

Key Methodological Changes

• The ease of doing business ranking and all topic-level rankings are now based on distance to frontier scores.
• For 11 large economies, data for a second city have been added to improve the accuracy of the rankings.
• The getting credit methodology was revised, increasing the number of points in both the strength of legal rights index and the depth of credit information index.
• The protecting investors indicator set was renamed to protecting minority investors, and its scope was expanded to include shareholders' rights in corporate governance.
• The resolving insolvency indicator now includes an index measuring the strength of the legal framework.
• The paying taxes DTF score calculation was changed to a nonlinear approach.
• The employing workers indicator was renamed to labor market regulation, with a broader scope now covering labor disputes and worker benefits.

Key Findings for Zimbabwe

Economy Overview

• Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
• Income category: Low income
• Population: 14,149,648
• GNI per capita (US$): 820
• DB2015 Rank: 171
• DB2014 Rank: 172 (adjusted for data and methodology changes)
• DB2015 DTF: 47
• DB2014 DTF: 45.4
• Change in DTF: +1.6

Business Environment Indicators

Starting a Business

• Rank (DB2015): 180
• DTF Score: 51.42
• Procedures: 9
• Time (days): 90
• Cost (% of income per capita): 114.6

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank (DB2015): 176
• DTF Score: 47.16
• Procedures: 10
• Time (days): 448
• Cost (% of warehouse value): 7.7

Getting Electricity

• Rank (DB2015): 153
• DTF Score: 58.00
• Procedures: 6
• Time (days): 106
• Cost (% of income per capita): 3,057.4

Registering Property

• Rank (DB2015): 94
• DTF Score: 66.32
• Procedures: 5
• Time (days): 36
• Cost (% of property value): 7.6

Getting Credit

• Rank (DB2015): 104
• DTF Score: 40.00
• Strength of legal rights index: 5
• Depth of credit information index: 3
• Credit bureau coverage (% of adults): 5.8
• Credit registry coverage (% of adults): 0.0

Protecting Minority Investors

• Rank (DB2015): 87
• DTF Score: 53.33
• Conflict of interest regulation index: 4.7
• Shareholder governance index: 6.0
• Minority investor protection index: 5.3

Paying Taxes

• Rank (DB2015): 143
• DTF Score: 61.39
• Number of payments per year: 49
• Time (hours per year): 242
• Best performer (DB2015): United Arab Emirates (rank 1)

Trading Across Borders

• Rank (DB2015): 180
• DTF Score: 19.40
• Documents to export: 7
• Time to export (days): 53
• Cost to export (US$ per container): 4,265
• Documents to import: 8
• Time to import (days): 71
• Cost to import (US$ per container): 6,160

Enforcing Contracts

• Rank (DB2015): 157
• DTF Score: 43.25
• Time (days): 410
• Cost (% of claim): 83.1
• Procedures: 38

Resolving Insolvency

• Rank (DB2015): 148
• DTF Score: 29.28
• Time (years): 3.3
• Cost (% of estate): 22.0
• Recovery rate (cents on the dollar): 13.8
• Strength of insolvency framework index (0-16): 7.0

Conclusion

Zimbabwe's business environment in Doing Business 2015 is characterized by moderate to poor regulatory practices across most indicators. It ranks 171 out of 189 economies, indicating significant room for improvement. The distance to frontier score has improved slightly from 45.4 to 47, suggesting minor progress in regulatory reforms. However, in areas such as starting a business, getting electricity, and resolving insolvency, Zimbabwe lags far behind the best performers like New Zealand and Singapore.

The report highlights that while the DTF scores and rankings provide a useful benchmark for comparing regulatory environments, they do not capture all aspects of the business environment, such as market proximity, infrastructure quality, and institutional strength. These indicators are crucial for policy makers aiming to create a more business-friendly environment and identify areas for reform.