2018年-世界发展银行全球_The_Philippines___Options_for_FInancing_Energy_Efficiency_in_Public_Buildings_57页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary: The Philippines Options for Financing Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings

Core Content

This report explores the opportunities and challenges of financing energy efficiency (EE) improvements in public buildings in the Philippines. It outlines the importance of EE in the context of the country's growing electricity demand, the role of the government in promoting EE, and the barriers that hinder the implementation of EE projects in the public sector. It also evaluates various financing mechanisms and proposes a pathway for developing a national energy efficiency program.

Main Viewpoints

The Philippines has a high energy intensity compared to OECD countries and European nations, indicating a significant opportunity for EE improvements.
The government has initiated several EE-related programs, including the Government Energy Management Program (GEMP) and the Philippine Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) Roadmap.
EE investments in public buildings can yield substantial cost savings, with an average payback period of less than 3.5 years.
The World Bank has extensive experience in financing EE projects globally, with positive outcomes in terms of energy savings and public awareness.
The public sector in the Philippines faces several barriers to EE financing, including policy and regulatory constraints, limited access to commercial financing, and institutional challenges.

Key Information

Energy Efficiency in the Philippines

Electricity consumption per capita in the Philippines is significantly lower than regional and global averages.
Public buildings are major energy consumers, with the government aiming to reduce energy use by 10%.
The DOE has collected data on 158 public buildings, revealing significant EE potential, especially in lighting and air conditioning systems.

Costs and Benefits of EE Investments

Lighting improvements in 158 buildings would require an investment of PHP375 million and result in annual savings of PHP166 million (41% savings).
Air conditioning improvements would require an investment of PHP1,828 million and result in annual savings of PHP539 million (33% savings).
Total investment for 158 buildings: PHP2,203 million.
Annual energy savings: 85 million kWh.
Annual monetary savings: PHP705 million.
Annual CO₂ emission reductions: 60,200 tons.
For all NGA office buildings, total investment is estimated at PHP13,023 million.
Annual electricity savings: 441 million kWh.
Annual monetary savings: PHP3,586 million.
Annual CO₂ emission reductions: 308,000 tons.

Barriers to Financing EE in the Public Sector

Policy and regulatory barriers: Annual budgeting procedures prevent the retention of energy savings, and multiyear contracts require approval from the Department of Budget and Management (DBM).
Equipment and service provider barriers: Limited demand, high development costs, and lack of experience with complex EE contracts.
End user barriers: No discretionary budgets for EE projects, limited knowledge of EE options, and insufficient data on building characteristics and energy use.
Lack of access to commercial financing: Banks perceive public sector projects as high-risk and offer unattractive terms.

International Experience

Six financing mechanisms are reviewed: budget financing, EE revolving funds, dedicated EE credit lines, risk-sharing programs, public or super ESCOs, and commercial financing.
The report emphasizes the importance of technical assistance (TA) and standardized contracts in enabling large-scale EE implementation.
The Energy Service Agreement (ESA) model is highlighted as a promising approach, where energy service companies (ESCOs) are contracted to deliver energy savings.

Proposed Financing Options

Budget Financing with Capital Recovery
- Involves using public budgets for EE investments.
- Requires multiyear obligations and approval from DBM.
- Limited by annual budget cycles and lack of flexibility.
Energy Efficiency Revolving Fund (EERF)
- A fund that finances EE projects and recycles savings for new investments.
- Requires a legal framework, governance structure, and technical assistance.
- Could help overcome budgetary and implementation barriers.
Public ESCO Model
- A public entity acts as an ESCO, facilitating EE investments.
- Helps in overcoming barriers related to procurement, credit, and implementation.
- Example: EESL in India, which successfully implemented EE projects through a public ESCO model.

Role of International Financial Institutions and Donors

Provide financial assistance and technical support for EE programs.
Help in capacity building and institutional development.
Support the development of EE revolving funds and ESCO models.

Conclusion

The report recommends the development of a national energy efficiency program, with a focus on three key financing options: budget financing, EE revolving funds, and public ESCOs. It emphasizes the need for policy reform, institutional support, and technical assistance to unlock the full potential of EE in the public sector.

Key Figures and Tables

Figure 1.1: Energy intensity comparison of the Philippines with other countries.
Figure 1.2: Electricity consumption per capita in the Philippines, East Asia & Pacific, and worldwide.
Table 2.1: Estimated costs and benefits of EE investments in 158 public buildings.
Table 2.2: Estimated costs and benefits of EE investments in public office buildings.
Table 4.1: Summary of characteristics of financing options for public sector EE.
Table 5.1: Key characteristics of EE financing options in the Philippines.
Table 5.3: How PEERF can address EE implementation barriers.
Table 5.4: How a public ESCO can address EE implementation barriers.
Table 6.1: Comparison of the three financing options.