战略与国际研究中心-Homeland-Security-30_28页_606kb

Homeland Security 3.0 Summary

Core Content

This report, Homeland Security 3.0: Building a National Enterprise to Keep America Safe, Free, and Prosperous, outlines a comprehensive strategy for enhancing the United States' homeland security system. It is a follow-up to the DHS 2.0 report from 2004, which called for major reorganization of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The authors argue that while the DHS has undergone some reforms, the focus should now shift from reorganization to strengthening the overall national homeland security enterprise.

The report emphasizes the need for a more agile, resilient, and integrated approach to homeland security. It calls for a cultural shift towards preparedness at the community level, a focus on building and sustaining resilient infrastructure, expanded international cooperation, a framework for domestic intelligence, and national programs for professional development in security and public safety.

Main Recommendations

1. Empowering a National Culture of Preparedness

• FINDING #1: Community-based preparedness should be the centerpiece of the national homeland security enterprise.
• FINDING #2: Federalism should guide the allocation of responsibilities post-disaster.
• FINDING #3: The "not me" syndrome and government credibility issues hinder preparedness efforts.
• FINDING #4: Congress undermines risk-based funding by setting aside funds for all states.
• FINDING #5: Federally directed preparedness programs have had limited impact.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Reclaim September 11 as a day of national preparedness.
• Encourage individuals, families, and communities to practice preparedness.
• Develop a national planning capability for preparedness to guide resource allocation and investment.
• Implement a federal funding model based on risk assessments rather than fixed percentages.
• Improve public warning, notification, and education to ensure clarity and credibility.

2. Shifting to a Strategy Focused on Sustaining a Resilient National Infrastructure

• FINDING #6: Current strategies for identifying and protecting critical infrastructure are inadequate.
• FINDING #7: Resilience of infrastructure is essential to maintain economic and social stability.
• FINDING #8: The relationship between government and the private sector in infrastructure security is not well understood.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

• Improve the identification and protection of critical infrastructure.
• Develop a national infrastructure strategy that includes prevention, mitigation, response, recovery, and reconstitution.
• Recognize the importance of private-sector ownership and operation of most critical infrastructure.
• Enhance the resilience of critical assets through redundancy and decentralization.

Key Information

• Authors: David Heyman and James Jay Carafano, Ph.D.
• Date: September 18, 2008
• Purpose: To advocate for a more integrated and effective homeland security enterprise that involves all elements of society.
• Focus: The report moves beyond reorganization and highlights the importance of a holistic, community-driven, and resilient approach to homeland security.
• Audience: The next Congress and Administration, as well as private businesses and the American public.
• Structure: The report is divided into five main sections, each with findings and recommendations agreed upon by the task force.

Call to Action

• Congress and the Administration should avoid further reorganization and instead focus on strengthening the national homeland security enterprise.
• A bipartisan caucus should be established to consider homeland security issues holistically.
• The National Security Council should lead an interagency approach to domestic and international security.
• Risk-based funding should replace the current system of fixed percentages for grant distribution.
• Community preparedness should be promoted through education, planning, and real-world engagement.

Conclusion

The report argues that the homeland security enterprise must be built on a foundation of preparedness, resilience, and cooperation across all levels of government and society. It urges policymakers to adopt a more integrated and adaptive strategy that empowers individuals, strengthens infrastructure, and enhances international collaboration. The ultimate goal is to create a system that is not only more effective at preventing and responding to threats but also more aligned with the values of American society.