2023年全球降温观察：如何在减少排放的同时满足制冷需求-英-121页_12mb

Global Cooling Watch 2023: Summary

Key Findings:

• Cooling Necessity & Growth: Cooling is essential for health, food safety, vaccines, and productivity but demand is rising exponentially. Business-as-Usual (BAU) could double GHG emissions from cooling by 2050 (+6.1 billion tons CO₂e), straining electricity grids and exacerbating climate change.
• Near-Zero Emissions Possible: Fully implementing measures outlined in this report can reduce 2050 emissions by 96% compared to BAU.
• Three-Tiered Approach: Achieving near-zero emissions requires synergistic actions across:
  1. Reducing Cooling Loads: Through widespread adoption of passive cooling (e.g., shading, insulation, evaporative cooling) across buildings and cold chains.
  2. Enhancing Efficiency: Driving efficiency gains via Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS), energy labelling, and innovation (e.g., variable-speed compressors).
  3. Phasing Down HFCs: Accelerating the transition to low-/ultra-low-GWP refrigerants beyond the Kigali Amendment's timelines, coupled with robust refrigerant life-cycle management (leakage reduction, recovery). Linking this transition with energy efficiency is crucial.
  4. Grid Decarbonization: Rapidly decarbonizing electricity grids (required to be zero-emission by 2035 for developed countries, 2050 for developing) is essential.

Policy & Enabling Actions:

• National Cooling Action Plans (NCAPs) / Heat Action Plans: Needed to integrate policies across government bodies, track progress, and align with NDCs.
• Integrated Regulations: Synergistic integration of MEPS, building energy codes (incorporating passive design), refrigerant regulations, and grid policies.
• Technology Innovation & Finance: Scaling super-efficient equipment, exploring alternatives (Natural/alternative refrigerants, phase-change materials, solar-driven cooling), and deploying innovative business models (e.g., CaaS, bulk procurement, green finance, risk-sharing).
• Capacity Building: Training technicians, service providers, policymakers, and the public on implementation and maintenance.
• Equity & Access: Prioritizing affordable, accessible cooling, especially for low-income populations, women, and remote areas (e.g., off-grid or mini-grid solutions, gender-responsive employment). Addressing barriers like second-hand market dumping.
• International Cooperation: Strengthening the Montreal Protocol implementation via the MLF for energy efficiency alongside HFC phase down. Sharing best practices and coordinating policies.

Conclusion:
A rapid, systemic transition to sustainable cooling is imperative to meet growing demand while limiting climate change. This requires unprecedented policy ambition, integrated action, scaled investment, and global cooperation led by G20 nations. The Global Cooling Pledge offers a critical opportunity to act collectively.