2013年-世界发展银行全球_Improving_Nutrition_through_Multisectoral_Approaches_ADMIN_Jun-25-193157-2018_Conflict_6页_1mb

报告摘要

Summary of Improving Nutrition Through Multisectoral Approaches

Core Content

This document outlines the importance of integrating nutrition-sensitive approaches into agriculture and rural development (AES) projects. It emphasizes the need for a multisectoral strategy to address undernutrition, which is defined as a poor nutritional status caused by insufficient food quantity or quality, disease, or inadequate care practices. Undernutrition manifests in stunting, underweight, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies, and has severe consequences on child health, human capital, and economic growth.

Main Principles of Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture

Invest in Women: Enhance women's capacity to ensure food security, health, and nutrition for their families.
Increase Access to Nutrient-Dense Foods: Promote year-round availability of high-nutrient content food.
Improve Nutrition Knowledge: Encourage dietary diversity through education and awareness.
Incorporate Nutrition Objectives: Set explicit nutrition goals and use relevant indicators in project design and policy dialogue.

Key Pathways Linking Agriculture to Nutrition

Pathway	Strength of Pathway	Description
1. Increase macroeconomic growth	Modest effect	May lead to some reduction in stunting but results in slow progress.
2. Increase food access through production and price	Modest effect	Limited translation of food availability to nutritional improvements.
3. Increase household income	Variable effect	Income increases may not directly improve nutrition of vulnerable members.
4. Increase nutrient-dense food production	Some evidence	Small-scale production of nutrient-dense foods has shown positive effects.
5. Empower women	Strong evidence	Women's empowerment significantly reduces child underweight and improves nutrition.

Examples of Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture

Homestead Food Production in South Asia: Projects in Bangladesh have improved food security and nutrition through year-round food availability and nutrition education. These include homestead gardens and small-scale animal husbandry.
Brazil's BioFORT Program: Aims to enhance the nutritional content of staple foods through conventional breeding and promote their consumption in school meals and commercial products.

Client Demand and Initiatives

Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN): A global movement focusing on multisectoral action to combat undernutrition.
Zero Hunger Challenge: A UN initiative to end hunger and malnutrition.
CAADP Plans: Include nutrition in food supply and hunger pillars.
CGIAR Research Program (A4NH): Focuses on agriculture for improved nutrition and health.
FAO Nutrition Mainstreaming: Prioritizes nutrition in agricultural policies.
Development Partners: Have developed agriculture-nutrition guidance and tools.

Do No Harm Considerations

AES projects must avoid unintended negative impacts on nutrition. Potential harms and mitigation strategies include:

Hydrophilic Vector-Borne Diseases: Include disease analysis in environmental safeguarding.
Zoonotic Diseases: Strengthen risk management frameworks in program design.
Unequal Resource Access: Conduct gender analysis to ensure equitable resource distribution.
Reduced Women's Time for Childcare: Include time use analysis and introduce time-saving technologies.
Dietary Quality Alteration: Promote micronutrient-rich crops and monitor consumption indicators.

Nutrition Indicators for AES Projects

To effectively monitor nutrition outcomes, the following indicators are recommended:

Project-Specific Indicators: Track consumption of specific nutritious foods.
Dietary Diversity Scores: Measure the variety of food groups consumed in a household or individual.
Food Consumption Score: A composite score based on dietary diversity, frequency, and nutrient content.
Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning: Reflects food accessibility throughout the year.
Household Hunger Scale: Measures food insecurity over a four-week recall period.

These indicators are used in various international projects, including those by WHO, FAO, USAID, and WFP, to assess and monitor nutrition-related impacts.

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