2014年-世界发展银行全球_Agribusiness_Indicators___Nigeria_97页_1mb

Agribusiness Indicators: Nigeria Summary

Core Content

This report provides an analysis of key success factors and indicators for agribusiness development in Nigeria, as part of the World Bank's Agribusiness Indicators (ABI) initiative. It aims to inform policy dialogue and guide the effective use of public resources in the agriculture sector. The study is supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and draws on data from scoping missions in Ghana, Ethiopia, and Mozambique.

Main Success Factors and Indicators

1. Access to Critical Factors of Production

• Certified Seeds: Only 5–10% of cultivated land in Nigeria uses certified seeds. The formal sector supplies 20,000–50,000 tons annually, far below the estimated 1 million metric tons required. The government dominates seed production, limiting private sector participation and contributing to seed shortages and high prices.
• Fertilizer: Nigeria relies heavily on fertilizer imports. The country's potential market size is about 10–12 million tons, but actual consumption is only 600,000–700,000 tons annually. Fertilizer application rates are low (13 kg/ha), and the Value Cost Ratio (VCR) for major crops indicates that fertilizer use is profitable if delivered on time.
• Mechanization: Most small-scale farmers in Nigeria rely on human and animal power. Tractor density is low (5.7 per 100 km²), and only 45,000 tractors are in use. Tractors operate an average of 507–682 hours per year, significantly lower than in other countries. High tariffs on spare parts and lack of maintenance reduce tractor lifespan to about 6 years.

2. Enabling Environment: Access to Financial Services and Transportation

• Financial Services: Agricultural credit in Nigeria comes from both formal and informal sources. However, access to formal banking is limited, especially in rural areas. Only 14% of rural dwellers were banked in 2012, and 18% of smallholders received credit from both formal and informal sources. The agricultural sector receives only 2% of credit from commercial banks, despite contributing about 40% to GDP. High interest rates (22–30%) and lack of collateral are major barriers.
• Transportation: Transport infrastructure is inadequate, especially in rural areas. The rural transport network is poorly maintained, with over 70% of roads impassable. Transport costs are high, with the cost to move one metric ton one kilometer being about N99.50 (US€67), 10 times higher than on main roads. The Lagos-Niger corridor is a critical transport route, but congestion at ports (e.g., Lagos) causes delays in fertilizer delivery.

3. Government Policies on Agribusiness

• Policy Uncertainty: Frequent and unpredictable changes in policies, subsidies, and procurement procedures create uncertainty and hinder investment.
• Public Investment: Public investment in agriculture is low, averaging 3% of public spending from 2006 to 2012, well below the 10% target set by the Maputo Agreement. State-level allocations are even lower, reflecting the low priority given to agriculture.
• Policy Reforms: The current administration's Agricultural Transformation Agenda Program aims to address policy inconsistencies, but stakeholders view it as too early to assess its effectiveness.

Key Information

• Agricultural Growth: Agriculture contributes about 40% to Nigeria's GDP and employs a large portion of the population. However, growth has been slow due to limited access to inputs, poor infrastructure, and weak policy frameworks.
• Private Sector Role: The private sector is underdeveloped in the seed and fertilizer industries, with the government playing a dominant role. This limits innovation and efficiency.
• Rural Development: Rural areas face significant challenges in accessing financial services and transportation, which are crucial for commercializing agriculture. The RAI (Rural Access Index) is below the regional average.
• International Comparisons: Nigeria's performance in agribusiness indicators is lagging compared to other African countries. The country's fertilizer consumption, seed usage, and mechanization levels are below the regional and global averages.

Conclusion

The study highlights the need for improved access to certified seeds, fertilizer, and mechanization, along with better financial services and transport infrastructure, to enhance the competitiveness and commercialization of Nigerian agriculture. Policy coherence and increased public investment are also critical for sustainable agribusiness development. The findings serve as a basis for benchmarking and improving the business environment for agriculture in Nigeria and across Sub-Saharan Africa.

References and Appendices

The report includes a list of figures and tables that support the findings, such as:

• Figures: Relative importance of crop sub-sector, fertilizer consumption, transport costs, and logistics performance.
• Tables: Data on seed use, fertilizer supply, tractor density, credit access, and government expenditure.

These visual aids and data tables provide detailed insights into the current state of agribusiness in Nigeria and serve as a reference for policy makers and stakeholders.