2003-10-06-皮尤-Jobs_Lost,_Jobs_Gained_43页_416kb

报告摘要

Jobs Lost, Jobs Gained: Latino Labor Market Experience During Recession

Overview

This report analyzes the labor market experiences of Hispanic and non-Hispanic workers during the 2001 recession and its subsequent recovery, comparing trends specifically for Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and non-Hispanic Blacks. It highlights both shared challenges and distinctive aspects of their employment, unemployment, and wage outcomes.

Key Findings

Employment and Unemployment: Hispanic employment was below its potential level by an estimated 500,000 workers (3.5% of 2002 levels), while non-Hispanic employment gaps were larger in absolute terms but smaller as percentages of employment. Hispanics, who constitute about 13% of the labor force, accounted for over 50% of labor force growth during the study period, driving net employment gains despite slower growth rates. Unemployment rates for Hispanics and non-Hispanics increased during the recession, with Hispanics facing higher growth in unemployment.
Structural Shifts: Job gains and losses were concentrated in specific industries and occupations. Hispanics gained employment in service sectors like education, healthcare, and retail, but lost jobs in goods-producing industries like manufacturing and transportation. Similar patterns occurred among non-Hispanics, but some industries (e.g., construction) showed contrasting trends, with gains for Hispanics and losses for non-Hispanics, influenced by regional variations.
Demographic Factors: Higher education and older age correlated with better labor outcomes. Hispanics with college degrees saw significant employment growth, while younger and less educated workers, especially in the 16–24 age group, experienced job losses. Immigrant Hispanics (first generation) had mixed results, with high unemployment despite labor force growth.
Wage Trends: Real wages for Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites increased moderately, but non-Hispanic Blacks saw wage declines. The slowdown exacerbated income inequality for non-Hispanics but reduced it slightly for Hispanics.

Conclusions

Non-Hispanic White workers are expected to recover fastest from the recession, followed by Hispanics and then non-Hispanic Blacks.
Structural changes in the economy, such as the shift from goods-producing to service-sector jobs, may prolong recovery, particularly for minority groups.
Demographic and educational factors played a significant role in weathering the economic downturn.

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