拉丁美洲经济委员会-释放可持续增长_为拉丁美洲和加勒比的绿色生产发展政策提供资金（英）-2025_58页_1mb

报告摘要

The region faces severe climate and fiscal challenges despite contributing only 3% of global emissions. Critical gaps exist, with investment needs of 7–11% of GDP annually by 2050 for green transition.
Financing pathways include domestic public finance, international mechanisms, and private contributions (78% of total investment), requiring innovative tools like green, social, and sustainability-linked bonds (GSSSBs).

Clear Transition Pathways: Establish phased timelines for phasing out fossil fuels and scaling renewable energy.
Strategic Coordination: Leverage public-private partnerships (e.g., Chile’s green hydrogen strategy and the Pacto region in Los Lagos).
Robust Governance: Harmonize regulations, improve transparency with standardized frameworks (e.g., ISSB standards), and address "greenwashing" risks.
Capacity Building: Strengthen monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems; improve subsidy transparency and equitable resource distribution.

Subsidy Reorientation: Redirect fossil fuel subsidies (e.g., Chile’s US$2.8 billion in 2022) toward renewable energy and low-carbon industries.
De-risking Private Investment: Use blended finance and instruments like first-loss guarantees to attract private capital.
Expand GSSSB Markets: Increase private issuance of green bonds to finance renewable energy (e.g., Brazil, Chile leading in clean tech).
Regional Integration: Strengthen collaboration on green supply chains and climate finance opportunities (e.g., MDB commitments).

Green/Sustainability-Linked Bonds: Dominated the LAC market from 2018–2023 (35% of GSSSBs), offering a greenium (58 bps savings) despite challenges like complexity and cost.
- Sovereign issuance (Chile, Mexico) and corporate bonds (Brazil) are primary drivers.
International Mechanisms: MDBs (World Bank, IDB) allocated US$9.82 billion in climate finance (20% of global low/middle-income totals) to address investment gaps.
Private Leverage: Pension funds, venture capital, and blended finance can unlock institutional capital (e.g., US$12.9 trillion globally managed by SWFs).

High-priority sectors: Renewable energy, green hydrogen, electric mobility, sustainable agriculture, circular economy.
Synergistic outcomes: Job creation, economic resilience, enhanced competitiveness (Brazil’s electric bus industry, Costa Rica’s biodiversity conservation).

Structural barriers: Fiscal constraints, underdeveloped markets, regulatory inefficiencies, macroeconomic instability.
Market volatility: Yields and investment conditions influenced by global monetary policy (e.g., Federal Reserve rates).

LAC has opportunities to catalyze economic and environmental transformation through GPDPs and sustainable finance, but systemic barriers must be addressed urgently.