2015全球最具影响力的科研精英_116页-11mb

Summary of "THE WORLD'S MOST INFLUENTIAL SCIENTIFIC MINDS" (2015)

Core Content

This report, published by Thomson Reuters in 2015, highlights the most influential scientific minds based on citation data from the Web of Science and InCites platforms. It identifies researchers who have produced highly cited papers (top 1%) and "hot" papers (top 0.1%) in their respective fields over specific timeframes. The report serves as a benchmark for scientific excellence and provides insights into the global distribution of influential researchers.

Main Points

• Scientific Influence: The report defines scientific influence through citations from peers, which are considered a quantifiable measure of esteem within the scientific community.
• Methodology: Researchers are selected based on their number of highly cited papers over an 11-year period (2003-2013) and their number of hot papers over the past two years (2013-2014).
• Highly Cited Researchers: The report lists 3,126 Highly Cited Researchers, with the majority affiliated with US-based institutions. The US accounts for nearly half of the researchers, followed by the UK, Germany, and China.
• Specialty Areas: The most represented fields are Clinical Medicine, Biology & Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology & Genetics, which are large and active areas of research. Smaller fields such as Computer Science, Mathematics, and Economics & Business have fewer highly cited researchers due to their smaller number of researchers and journals.
• Institutions: The University of California System is the most prolific in producing Highly Cited Researchers, but individual institutions like Harvard and Stanford also show strong representation.

Key Information

Highly Cited Researchers: Most-Represented Countries

• The United States is the most represented country with nearly half of the researchers.
• The UK, Germany, and China follow, with the US significantly outpacing the others in representation.

Specialty Areas

• Clinical Medicine, Biology & Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology & Genetics are the most active fields in terms of producing highly cited researchers.
• These fields have a larger number of researchers and journals, contributing to a higher number of highly cited papers.

Predominant Institutions

• The University of California System leads in the number of Highly Cited Researchers.
• Harvard University and Stanford University are also notable for their individual contributions.
• The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute are prominent in genomics research.

Hot Researchers

• The report highlights 19 authors who have produced at least 14 Hot Papers in the past two years.
• These papers are cited at an extraordinarily high rate compared to similar papers in the same field and age group.

Notable Hot Researchers

• Stacey B. Gabriel of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard is the most prolific with 25 Hot Papers.
• Christopher J. Murray of the University of Washington is notable for his 22 Hot Papers, primarily related to global health and the Global Burden of Disease project.
• Feng Zhang of MIT is a pioneer in CRISPR/Cas gene editing and has 14 Hot Papers.
• David (Xiong Wen) Lou of Nanyang Technological University contributes to 19 Hot Papers on energy-related technologies.
• Eric S. Lander, Matthew Meyerson, Gad Getz, Michael S. Lawrence, Mohsen Naghavi, and Yang Yang are also highlighted for their significant contributions in genomics and materials science.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of peer recognition in scientific achievement, emphasizing that citations are a reliable indicator of influence. It also reflects the dynamic nature of scientific recognition, which changes as researchers gain or lose prominence. The dominance of US institutions and the concentration of influential researchers in fields like biomedicine and materials science are clear trends. The inclusion of "hot" researchers adds a layer of immediacy to the list, showcasing the most recently impactful work.