2016年-世界发展银行全球_Timor-Leste_-_Oecusse_Economic_and_Trade_Potential___Detailed_Analysis_and_Background_Documents_121页_3mb

Summary of Oecusse Economic and Trade Potential Report (Volume II)

Core Content

Volume II of the report provides a detailed analysis of Oecusse's current state and future potential across five key areas: living standards, agriculture, transport, migration, and social infrastructure. It draws comparisons with both the national average of Timor-Leste and the Indonesian province of NTT, highlighting the region's challenges and opportunities.

Main Points

3.1 Introduction

• The report aims to compare living standards in Oecusse with its immediate neighbors to identify strengths and weaknesses.
• Comparisons are made with NTT and the rest of Timor-Leste.
• The analysis includes various dimensions of wellbeing such as population, education, employment, housing, wealth, agriculture, health, crime and safety, social networks, and facilities and social security.

3.2 Key Findings

• Population: Oecusse has a younger population than NTT and Timor-Leste, with a smaller working-age group (15-49 years).
• Education: Oecusse has lower school attendance and literacy rates compared to NTT and the rest of Timor-Leste.
• Employment: Oecusse has a higher employment rate in the agricultural sector than NTT and the rest of the country.
• Housing: Houses in Oecusse are constructed with less durable materials (e.g., palm leaves), leading to instability.
• Wealth: Oecusse has lower ownership of durable goods compared to NTT and the national average.
• Agriculture: Oecusse is primarily an agricultural region with high subsistence farming.
• Health: Access to healthcare is better in Oecusse than in the rest of the country.
• Crime and Safety: Crime levels are lower in Oecusse, but conflict frequency is higher.
• Social Networks: Oecusse has stronger social cohesion and trust among neighbors.
• Facilities and Social Security: Public facilities and social security are underdeveloped in Oecusse.

3.3 Analysis of Specific Dimensions of Wellbeing

3.3.1 Population

• Oecusse has a higher proportion of children under 14 years and a lower proportion of working-age individuals (15-49 years) than NTT and the rest of Timor-Leste.
• Female population in the working-age group is higher in Oecusse than in NTT.
• Non-attendance of school is higher in Oecusse than in NTT and the rest of the country.

3.3.2 Education

• School attendance for primary and secondary students is lower in Oecusse than in NTT and the rest of the country.
• Literacy rates are significantly lower in Oecusse (49% for males, 38% for females) compared to NTT (88%) and the national average (69% for males, 56% for females).
• The primary reason for low literacy in Oecusse is the reliance on children as part of the workforce.

3.3.3 Employment

• A high percentage of the population in Oecusse is engaged in agriculture (78% of males, 30% of females).
• The employment rate in Oecusse is higher than in NTT and the rest of the country.
• A significant portion of females in Oecusse and Timor-Leste are engaged in elementary occupations, including household work.

3.3.4 Housing

• Most houses in Oecusse use temporary materials like palm leaves for roofs and walls.
• Electricity access is limited in Oecusse (25%), with only a few households using it.
• Water sources are mainly unprotected wells and public taps, with limited access to protected springs and piped water.

3.3.5 Wealth

• Ownership of durable goods is lower in Oecusse compared to NTT and the national average.
• Televisions are the only durable good with higher ownership in Oecusse than in NTT.

3.3.6 Agriculture

• Oecusse is a predominantly agricultural region, with a large proportion of the population involved in farming.
• Main crops include maize, paddy, and vegetables.
• Livestock includes cattle, goats, and pigs.
• Production costs are relatively high, and the region lacks reliable planning data and infrastructure for storage and irrigation.

3.3.7 Health

• Access to healthcare is better in Oecusse than in the rest of the country.
• All households in Oecusse have sought medical attention when a member was seriously ill.
• Health facilities are limited, and satisfaction with them is generally low.

3.3.8 Crime and Safety

• Crime levels are lower in Oecusse than in the rest of the country.
• Conflict frequency is higher in Oecusse than in the rest of Timor-Leste.

3.3.9 Social Networks

• Social cohesion is stronger in Oecusse, with higher participation in social groups and events.
• Trust in neighbors is higher, and willingness to help in emergencies is greater.

3.3.10 Facilities and Social Security

• Public facilities are underdeveloped, and satisfaction with them is low.
• Access to social security is limited, with only a small percentage of households having access to it.

4.1 Agriculture

• Oecusse has significant agricultural potential, particularly in rice and maize production.
• The region has limited irrigation infrastructure, leading to low productivity.
• The report outlines possible strategies for improving agriculture, including the development of the OADP (Oecusse Agricultural Development Project).

5.1 Transport Corridor

• There are significant challenges in overland transport between Oecusse and Dili.
• Visa procedures and vehicle permits are complex and time-consuming.
• There is a partial legal basis for establishing a transit corridor to improve connectivity.

6.1 Migration

• Migration flows in Oecusse are influenced by internal and international factors.
• Remittances play a role in the local economy.
• Migration scenarios are outlined, including best case, worst case, and business as usual.

Key Information

• Agriculture is the backbone of Oecusse's economy, but faces challenges such as limited irrigation, poor storage, and lack of planning data.
• Education and literacy are significant issues, with a large portion of the population not attending school or being illiterate.
• Employment is higher in Oecusse than in NTT and the rest of the country, but the sector is largely subsistence-based.
• Housing and infrastructure are underdeveloped, with limited access to electricity and durable construction materials.
• Healthcare access is better than in the rest of the country, but facilities are limited.
• Social networks are strong, with high levels of trust and participation in community activities.
• Migration and remittances are important for the local economy, with varying scenarios affecting the region's development.
• Transport remains a major constraint, with complex procedures and poor infrastructure.
• The OADP is proposed as a strategic initiative to improve agricultural productivity and competitiveness.

Recommendations

• Develop and implement the OADP to improve agricultural productivity.
• Improve infrastructure, including roads and electricity access.
• Enhance education and literacy programs, especially in rural areas.
• Streamline visa and vehicle permit procedures to facilitate trade and travel.
• Promote social cohesion and community engagement through better public facilities and social security programs.