康奈尔大学-2019全球创新指数（英文版）-2019.9-451页_20mb

Global Innovation Index 2019 Summary

Core Content

The Global Innovation Index (GII) 2019 is the 12th edition of the report, focusing on the theme Creating Healthy Lives—The Future of Medical Innovation. It is a collaborative effort by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), with contributions from various knowledge partners and advisory boards. The report highlights global innovation trends, analyzes the performance of approximately 130 economies, and emphasizes the role of medical innovation in shaping the future of healthcare.

Main Points

1. Medical Innovation as a Driver of Global Health

• Medical innovation has significantly contributed to improving life expectancy and quality of life over the past two centuries.
• Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), genomics, stem cell research, big data, mobile health applications, drones for medicine delivery, and regenerative medicine are set to revolutionize healthcare.
• These innovations are expected to enhance personalized care, preventive health, and health equity, especially in low-resource settings.

2. Global Innovation Rankings

• The GII 2019 ranks nearly 130 economies based on innovation performance.
• Top 3 Innovation Economies by Region:
  • Northern America: Switzerland, Sweden, U.S.
  • Europe: Switzerland, Sweden, U.S.
  • Asia: Singapore, China, Israel.
• Top 3 Innovation Economies by Income Group:
  • High Income: Switzerland, Sweden, U.S.
  • Upper-Middle Income: China, Malaysia, Bulgaria.
  • Lower-Middle Income: Viet Nam, Georgia, Ukraine.
  • Low Income: Rwanda, Tanzania, Senegal.

3. Notable Rankings and Performance

• India continues to be the most innovative economy in Central & Southern Asia, with a global rank of 52nd in 2019.
• Viet Nam, Thailand, Rwanda, and Kenya have shown consistent performance in innovation relative to GDP for the ninth consecutive year.
• China remains the only middle-income economy in the top 30, demonstrating strong innovation in areas like patents, industrial designs, trademarks, high-tech exports, and creative goods exports.
• Israel makes its first appearance in the top 10, marking a shift in the global innovation landscape.

4. Innovation Divide

• Despite a shift in the geography of innovation toward middle-income economies, innovation inputs and outputs are still concentrated in a few economies.
• The global innovation divide persists across income groups and regions, with Northern America, Europe, and South East Asia, East Asia, and Oceania leading in innovation performance.
• Asia continues to show the most continuous improvements in innovation performance.

5. Innovation Efficiency

• Some economies achieve more innovation output with fewer resources, indicating a gap in innovation efficiency.
• Switzerland, Netherlands, and Sweden are among the most efficient in converting innovation inputs into outputs.
• Singapore and United Arab Emirates produce relatively low output compared to their innovation inputs.

6. Role of Innovation in Healthcare Systems

• The report highlights the importance of collaborative innovation in healthcare, especially in Brazil, India, and Rwanda.
• Brazil is leveraging digital technologies, telemedicine, and AI to improve healthcare access, particularly in remote areas.
• India is improving its GII rank due to strong ICT services exports, science and engineering graduates, and quality of universities.
• Rwanda is integrating health and medical innovations to promote health equity and sustainable development.

7. Challenges to Global Innovation

• Economic slowdown and low productivity growth pose challenges to global innovation.
• Public R&D expenditures in high-income economies are growing slowly or stagnating, which is a concern for basic research and blue sky innovation.
• Protectionism and barriers to international trade and investment threaten the global diffusion of innovation.

Key Information

• The GII is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No-Derivatives 3.0 IGO License, allowing reproduction and distribution without commercial use.
• Data sources and methodological notes are detailed in the appendices, ensuring transparency and comparability across years.
• The 3DEXPERIENCE platform by Dassault Systèmes is highlighted as a tool for collaborative innovation, digital modeling, and virtual healthcare simulations.
• The report emphasizes the need for improved innovation metrics to better assess outputs and impacts of innovation, especially in healthcare.

Conclusion

The GII 2019 underscores the transformative potential of medical innovation in improving global health and well-being. It also highlights the asymmetry in innovation performance across regions and income levels, calling for more equitable access to innovation and policy reforms to support sustainable growth in emerging economies. The report serves as a resource for policymakers, business leaders, and researchers to guide innovation strategies in the healthcare sector.