2018-自然保护区的旅游与游客管理（英文版）-6mb

Summary of "Tourism and Visitor Management in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Sustainability"

Core Content

This document presents the IUCN WCPA Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 27, titled "Tourism and Visitor Management in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Sustainability". It is a comprehensive guide aimed at promoting sustainable tourism practices within protected areas globally.

Main Purpose

The primary goal of the guidelines is to provide practical, science-based strategies for managing tourism and visitor use in protected areas to ensure that they are conserved effectively, equitably, and sustainably. It addresses the complex interplay between tourism and conservation, offering guidance on how to balance visitor access with ecological and social protection.

Key Concepts

IUCN Protected Area Definition and Categories

IUCN defines a protected area as a clearly defined geographical space managed for the long-term conservation of nature and its associated values. The guidelines reference six management categories and four governance types:

• Management Categories:

  • Ia: Strict nature reserve
  • Ib: Wilderness area
  • II: National park
  • III: Natural monument or feature
  • IV: Habitat/species management area
  • V: Protected landscape or seascape
  • VI: Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources

• Governance Types:

  • Type A: Government governance
  • Type B: Shared governance
  • Type C: Private governance
  • Type D: Indigenous Peoples and local communities governance

The 75% rule applies to management categories, meaning that the primary management objective should apply to at least 75% of the protected area.

Tourism and Visitor Management

Tourism in protected areas is a double-edged sword, offering both opportunities and challenges. It can generate economic, social, and environmental benefits, but also pose significant risks to conservation if not managed properly.

The guidelines emphasize the need for adaptive and participatory management to ensure that tourism supports, rather than undermines, conservation goals.

Main Views

1. Sustainability Challenge: Tourism in protected areas must align with conservation objectives to ensure long-term sustainability.
2. Tourism as a Tool for Conservation: When managed effectively, tourism can provide financial support, community engagement, and environmental awareness.
3. Need for New Guidelines: The existing guidelines (Series No. 8) from 2002 are outdated due to changing tourism dynamics, new technologies, and increased awareness of environmental issues.
4. Adaptive Management: The guidelines promote adaptive management and monitoring to respond to uncertainties and changing visitor use conditions.
5. Community Involvement: Engaging local communities is essential for capacity building, sustainable tourism, and equitable benefit sharing.
6. Governance and Partnerships: A variety of governance types and partnerships (public, private, and community-based) are necessary to support sustainable tourism.
7. Economic and Social Benefits: Tourism can enhance local economies, promote cultural preservation, and improve well-being.

Key Information

• Tourism Benefits: Direct conservation benefits, economic support for protected areas, social and cultural enrichment, and improved well-being for visitors and local communities.
• Tourism Challenges: Environmental degradation, social and cultural impacts, and financial risks. These can be mitigated through best practices and sustainable management.
• Best Practices: Include monitoring, community engagement, policy support, capacity building, and adaptive management.
• Revenue Generation: Tourism can be a source of funding for protected areas through entrance fees, concessions, and philanthropy.
• Case Studies and Examples: Highlight successful tourism models in various regions, such as Volcanoes National Park (Rwanda), Sölheimajökull Glacier (Iceland), and Tambopata National Reserve (Peru).
• Tools and Frameworks: The guidelines include monitoring tools, planning frameworks, and certification standards to support sustainable tourism.

Structure of the Guidelines

The guidelines are structured into seven chapters, each addressing a different aspect of tourism and visitor management:

1. Tourism and visitation in protected areas: the sustainability challenge
2. The impacts of protected area tourism
3. Aligning management objectives with tourism impacts
4. Adaptive management for sustainable tourism
5. Capacity building for sustainable tourism management
6. Managing tourism revenues and costs to achieve conservation benefits
7. The future of protected area tourism

Each chapter includes key principles, best practices, and case studies to illustrate effective strategies for sustainable tourism.

Conclusion

The guidelines aim to enhance institutional and individual capacity for managing protected areas in a sustainable manner. They provide a framework for decision-making, monitoring, and collaboration, emphasizing the importance of community involvement, governance structures, and adaptive strategies in achieving conservation and tourism goals.

The document is a key resource for protected area managers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in tourism and conservation. It supports the Convention on Biological Diversity's Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, promoting global cooperation and sustainable development.