2017年-WEF世界经济论坛_The_Inclusive_Growth_and_Development_Report_2017_75页_6mb

The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017 Summary

Core Content

The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017 is published by the World Economic Forum and aims to provide a comprehensive policy framework and metrics to guide countries in achieving inclusive growth and development. It outlines a new global growth agenda that prioritizes social inclusion and sustainable economic progress.

Main Points and Key Information

1. Inclusive Growth: A Global Imperative

• A global consensus has formed on the need for more socially-inclusive economic growth, but inclusive growth remains largely an aspiration.
• The report emphasizes the importance of systemic reform and institutional development to achieve broad-based improvements in living standards.
• It argues that the current economic growth model may need a secular correction to counteract chronic low growth and rising inequality.

2. Policy Framework and Institutional Indicators

• The report presents a policy framework with 7 main pillars and 15 sub-pillars, representing the structural factors that influence social participation and economic benefits.
• These Policy and Institutional Indicators (PIIs) serve as diagnostic tools to evaluate a country's institutional strength and policy space utilization.
• The framework includes areas such as business ethics, tax codes, financial inclusion, education, and labor protections.

3. Performance Metrics: Inclusive Development Index (IDI)

• A composite index, the Inclusive Development Index (IDI), ranks countries based on 140 statistical indicators across the 15 sub-pillars.
• The IDI provides a more integrated view of economic development than GDP per capita, as it includes both current levels and five-year trends.
• Key findings:
  • 51% of 103 countries saw a decline in IDI scores over the past five years.
  • 42% of countries experienced a decline in IDI despite increased GDP per capita.
  • Wealth inequality was a major cause, rising by 6.3% on average.
  • Some countries, such as Cambodia, New Zealand, and South Korea, scored significantly better on the IDI than on GDP per capita.
  • Others, like Brazil, Japan, and the United States, scored lower, indicating ineffective translation of growth into social inclusion.

4. Implications for National Policy

• Countries have significant potential to increase growth and social equity simultaneously.
• Structural reform should be viewed as an ongoing process of continuous improvement within a diverse policy ecosystem.
• The report highlights the importance of rebalancing policy priorities to include macroeconomic, trade, and financial supervision policies alongside institutional development.
• Five areas of human capital formation are recommended for investment to address labor-market challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution:
  1. Active labor-market policies
  2. Equity of access to quality basic education
  3. Gender parity
  4. Non-standard work benefits and protections
  5. Effective school-to-work transition

5. Implications for International Economic Cooperation

• Major economies should coordinate efforts to activate the virtuous circle of inclusive growth.
• Development finance institutions (DFIs) should shift focus from direct lending to catalyzing private investment through co-investment, risk mitigation, and project development.
• Trade and investment cooperation should be reoriented to support small-business activity, reduce trade barriers, and modernize international agreements.
• The G20 Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda is highlighted as a potential platform for such international cooperation.

6. Conclusion

• The report concludes that inclusive growth is not only a policy aspiration but a practical and measurable goal.
• It calls for a collective commitment from governments and businesses to redefine economic leadership and prioritize social inclusion.
• A coordinated global initiative is essential to transform inclusive growth from aspiration into action and to place people and living standards at the center of economic policy.

Key Figures and Data

• GDP per capita growth in advanced economies averaged less than 1% over the past five years.
• Median incomes in advanced economies declined by 2.4% in the last five years.
• Wealth inequality increased by 6.3% on average across the 109 countries.
• 51% of countries saw a decline in IDI scores over the past five years.
• 42% of countries had declining IDI while GDP per capita increased.
• 75% of economies experienced rising wealth inequality as a chief culprit.

Top Performers in IDI

Conclusion Summary

The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017 presents a comprehensive policy framework and performance metrics to guide national and international efforts toward inclusive growth. It argues that structural reforms and institutional development are essential for sustained economic progress and social inclusion. The report calls for global cooperation and policy rebalancing to address secular stagnation and rising inequality, and to redefine the economic growth model to be more equitable and sustainable.