2017全球电子垃圾监测报告（英文版）_114页_6mb

Global E-waste Monitor 2017 Summary

Core Content

The Global E-waste Monitor 2017 is a collaborative report by the United Nations University (UNU), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA). It provides a comprehensive analysis of global e-waste trends, challenges, and opportunities, with the aim of improving data collection, policy development, and sustainable management practices.

Main Points and Key Information

1. E-waste Overview

• Definition: E-waste refers to discarded electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and its parts, which are no longer intended for reuse. It is also known as WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
• Scope: The report covers six main categories of e-waste:
  1. Temperature exchange equipment (cooling and freezing devices)
  2. Screens and monitors (TVs, laptops, tablets)
  3. Lamps (fluorescent, high intensity discharge, LED)
  4. Large equipment (washing machines, dishwashers, etc.)
  5. Small equipment (vacuum cleaners, toasters, etc.)
  6. Small IT and telecom equipment (mobile phones, routers, etc.)

2. Global E-waste Statistics

• In 2016, the world generated 44.7 million metric tonnes (Mt) of e-waste, equivalent to 6.1 kg per person.
• E-waste is expected to increase to 52.2 Mt by 2021, or 6.8 kg per person.
• Only 20% of e-waste is collected and recycled, with the rest often improperly disposed of or incinerated.
• Asia generates the most e-waste (18.2 Mt), followed by Europe (12.3 Mt), Americas (11.3 Mt), Africa (2.2 Mt), and Oceania (0.7 Mt).
• Oceania has the highest e-waste generation per person (17.3 kg/inh), while Africa generates the least (1.9 kg/inh).
• Only 41 countries have official e-waste statistics, and data collection remains inadequate in many regions.

3. E-waste and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

• E-waste is a critical issue for achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 SDGs.
• E-waste impacts Goal 3 (Health), Goal 6 (Water and Sanitation), Goal 8 (Decent Work), Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities), Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption), and Goal 14 (Life Below Water).
• SDG 11.6 emphasizes reducing the environmental impact of cities through improved waste management.
• SDG 12.5 aims to significantly reduce waste generation through prevention, reuse, and recycling.
• SDG 8.3 promotes the development of policies that support formalization and growth of small businesses, which can be achieved through better e-waste management.
• SDG 8.8 focuses on protecting labor rights and ensuring safe working environments, especially relevant to the informal sector where much e-waste is processed.

4. E-waste Generation Trends

• The rise in e-waste is driven by:
  • ICT adoption: Over 4.5 billion people are connected to the internet, with 7.7 billion mobile subscriptions and 4.2 billion active mobile broadband subscriptions.
  • Shorter replacement cycles: Consumers are replacing devices more frequently, contributing to higher e-waste volumes.
  • Rapid urbanization and industrialization: Especially in developing countries, increased disposable incomes lead to more EEE ownership and e-waste generation.
• EEE consumption has grown significantly from 2000 to 2016, with the fastest growth in low PPP countries (23% annual average growth rate).
• Some technologies, like CRT monitors and TVs, have declined due to obsolescence and replacement by newer, more efficient alternatives.

5. E-waste Legislation and Management

• 66% of the global population is covered by e-waste legislation, up from 44% in 2014.
• India was a major contributor to the increase in legislation coverage.
• However, many countries lack enforcement mechanisms and measurable recycling targets, making effective implementation difficult.
• Transboundary e-waste movement is a growing concern, with Nigeria importing a significant amount of used equipment from EU member states.
• E-waste often ends up in landfills or is improperly treated, posing serious environmental and health risks.

6. Economic and Environmental Impacts

• E-waste contains valuable raw materials with an estimated total value of 55 billion Euros in 2016.
• Urban mining of e-waste is a key strategy for recovering these materials and promoting a circular economy.
• Better e-waste management can create jobs, drive innovation, and support sustainable economic growth.

7. Call to Action

• The report highlights the need for improved data collection, enforcement of e-waste laws, and global cooperation to manage e-waste effectively.
• It calls for the establishment of the Global Partnership for E-waste Statistics to track e-waste trends and support sustainable policies.
• The ITU Connect 2020 target 3.2 on e-waste is also referenced as part of the global strategy for better waste management.

Conclusion

The Global E-waste Monitor 2017 underscores the urgent need for better data, stronger legislation, and improved recycling infrastructure to address the growing e-waste crisis. It also highlights the potential for e-waste to be a valuable resource in a circular economy, offering both environmental and economic benefits. The report serves as a critical reference for policymakers, businesses, and stakeholders in developing sustainable e-waste management practices.