WIPO-2019年产权组织事实与数据（英文）-2020.8-53页_794kb

WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2019 Summary

Core Content

The WIPO IP Facts and Figures 2019 report provides an overview of global intellectual property (IP) activity for the year 2018. It highlights trends in patent, trademark, and industrial design filings, as well as active IP rights, across different regions and countries. The data is sourced from WIPO's Statistics Database and is presented under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO License, allowing for reproduction and adaptation with proper attribution.

The report emphasizes that IP activity is measured primarily through application data, which reflects the volume of filings rather than the number of IP rights in force. This approach is used because different jurisdictions have varying requirements for IP registration, making direct comparison challenging. For trademarks, class counts are used, while for industrial designs, design counts are the metric of choice.

Main Points

Global IP Filings Reached Record Levels

• In 2018, 3.3 million patent applications were filed globally, marking a 9th consecutive annual increase.
• Trademark applications totaled 14.3 million, with double-digit growth for the 4th consecutive year.
• Industrial design applications reached 1.3 million, and utility model applications exceeded 2 million for the first time.

Asia Dominates Global IP Activity

• Asia accounted for 66.8% of all global patent applications, 51.4% of trademark applications, and 54% of industrial design applications.
• The top five IP offices received 85.3% of all patent applications, with China alone accounting for 46.4% of the global total.
• China was the largest source of patent applications, with 1.54 million applications, followed by the U.S. (597,141), Japan (313,567), Republic of Korea (209,992), and EPO (174,397).

Growth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

• Pakistan, the Philippines, and Uzbekistan saw significant growth in patent applications, with increases of 27.8%, 26.7%, and 17.5%, respectively.
• Uzbekistan and Viet Nam also recorded strong growth in utility model applications.

Patent Activity by GDP

• The Republic of Korea filed the highest number of patents per unit of GDP (8,561 applications per USD 100 billion GDP), followed by China (6,183), Japan (5,101), Germany (1,924), and Switzerland (1,831).

Technology Specialization

• China and the U.S. focused on computer technology.
• Japan and the Republic of Korea specialized in electrical machinery.
• Germany concentrated on transport.

PCT Patent Applications

• The PCT system recorded 253,000 applications in 2018, a 3.9% increase from 2017.
• U.S.-based inventors led with 56,142 applications, followed by China (53,345) and Japan (49,702).
• Huawei Technologies was the top PCT applicant with 5,405 applications, while ZTE Corp. saw a 29.8% drop in filings.

Trademark Activity

• China accounted for 51.4% of all trademark filings, followed by the U.S. (640,181) and EUIPO (392,925).
• China, India, and Republic of Korea recorded the highest growth in trademark filings, with increases of 28.3%, 20.9%, and 14.5%, respectively.
• U.S. and Germany led in trademark applications per unit of GDP.

Madrid System Usage

• U.S. and Germany were the largest users of the Madrid System for international trademark registration.
• Novartis AG of Switzerland was the top Madrid applicant with 174 applications, followed by L'Oreal (169), Daimler AG (129), Apple Inc. (87), and Henkel AG (86).

Industrial Designs

• China accounted for 54% of all industrial design applications, with 1.02 million applications containing 1.3 million designs.
• The top five offices accounted for 78% of all design applications, with China, EUIPO, and Republic of Korea leading.
• Republic of Korea led in design applications per unit of GDP, followed by China, Italy, Turkey, and Germany.

Hague System Usage

• The Hague System received 5,443 international applications in 2018, up 3.6% from 2017, but with a 1.8% decrease in design count.
• Germany was the largest user of the Hague System, with 3,942 designs in applications.
• Samsung Electronics of the Republic of Korea was the top Hague applicant with 863 designs, followed by LG Electronics and Procter & Gamble.

Key Information

• IP activity is measured through application data, with trademark using class counts and industrial design using design counts.
• Asia is the dominant region for IP filings, accounting for over 66% of patent applications.
• China is the largest source of patent, trademark, and utility model applications.
• GDP-adjusted metrics help compare IP activity across countries with different economic sizes and filing systems.
• Growth trends vary significantly among countries and regions, with Pakistan, the Philippines, and Uzbekistan showing rapid growth in patent applications.
• Top applicants include Huawei Technologies, Novartis AG, and Samsung Electronics, reflecting the global dominance of tech and pharmaceutical industries.

Conclusion

The report underscores the increasing importance of Asia, particularly China, in global IP activity. It also highlights the diversification of IP filing systems and the growth of IP activity in both high- and middle-income countries. The use of GDP-adjusted metrics allows for a more equitable comparison of IP activity across nations.