世界银行-拉贾斯坦邦农村非农就业_决定因素_福利效应和企业绩效（英）-2025.3_70页_613kb

Rural Non-Farm Employment Analysis in Rajasthan

Key Findings:

• Education Impact: Secondary education strongly predicts participation in higher-paying non-farm employment, particularly in skilled service sectors. It positively correlates with salaried work and household consumption.

• Gender and Marginalized Groups: Women and socially marginalized groups (SC/ST) face significant barriers to non-farm employment, even with education. Their participation in skilled sectors like services remains limited.

• Enterprise Performance: Casual non-farm work shows potential as an employment entry point, while casual work correlates with infrastructure factors (bank branches). Female and SC/ST owned enterprises have lower revenues and value addition.

• District Factors: District characteristics (urbanization, manufacturing, public employment) play a limited role in explaining employment variations across social groups. Financial infrastructure (bank branches) has little direct impact on employment outcomes.

• Rainfall Effects: Rainfall shocks trigger shifts from non-farm to farm employment, with lower incomes from casual non-farm work, particularly impacting households' consumption and poverty status.

Policy Recommendations:

1. Education Investment: Strengthen secondary/tertiary education, especially in rural areas.
2. Financial Infrastructure: Improve credit accessibility through banks for rural enterprises.
3. Social Inclusion: Address structural barriers (gender/social discrimination) to ensure access to remunerative employment for marginalized groups.

Methodology:

• Used mixed-methods: surveys, administrative data (NSS, CP), enterprise-level data.
• Analyzed determinants, welfare effects, and enterprise performance using regression models and descriptive statistics.