2025-03-16-世界银行-拉贾斯坦邦农村非农就业_决定因素_福利效应和企业绩效（英）_70页_566kb

Rural Non-Farm Employment in Rajasthan: Analysis and Policy Insights

Key Findings on Determinants

• Secondary education is a strong predictor of participation in higher-paying non-farm activities, particularly skilled service sector jobs.
• Women and socially marginalized groups (e.g., Scheduled Castes/ Tribes) face significant barriers to accessing non-farm employment, especially in high-productivity roles.
• Household characteristics (e.g., marginal land ownership) and district-level factors (e.g., infrastructure, rainfall shocks) influence engagement, with rural workers having secondary education and those in regular employment having higher odds.

Welfare Effects and Consumption

• Non-farm employment, particularly salaried positions, enhances household consumption and reduces poverty levels, contributing to better welfare outcomes.
• Casual non-farm work has mixed effects, while service sector employment shows direct links to higher consumption and reduced BPL incidence.

Enterprise Constraints and Performance

• Rural micro-enterprises face barriers such as limited access to credit, electricity, raw materials, and labor, hindering growth and revenues.
• Female and marginalized enterprise owners exhibit poorer performance, underscoring societal and institutional barriers.
• Financial infrastructure has limited impact on employment access but aids micro-enterprise revenues in specific contexts.

Policy Recommendations

• Strengthen education and skill development, especially for marginalized communities.
• Improve financial infrastructure and credit access to support enterprise growth.
• Address structural barriers like gender discrimination and societal inequalities to ensure inclusive non-farm employment opportunities.