20090831-IEA-Energy_Policies_of_IEA_Countries_Portugal_2009_182页_6mb

Portugal Energy Policy Review Summary

Portugal has made significant progress in its energy policy since its last IEA review in 2004. Key achievements include the adoption of a new National Energy Strategy (2005), which prioritizes renewable energy expansion, energy efficiency, and market liberalization. Portugal has emerged as a leader in renewable energy, particularly wind power, with ambitious targets—aiming for 45% renewable electricity by 2010, 10% biofuels in transport, and increased hydropower capacity. This progress is supported by a feed-in tariff system, tax incentives, and infrastructure investments, exemplified by the creation of renewable energy clusters, such as the wind cluster.

Market reforms advanced through electricity and gas market liberalization, vertical unbundling of transmission and distribution networks, and the creation of a competitive transmission operator (REN). However, challenges remain, including maintaining competition levels in retail markets, reducing energy dependence on imports (especially oil and gas), and optimizing renewable energy integration, which requires better grid infrastructure and energy storage solutions. Energy efficiency has improved, partly due to a national action plan and stricter building regulations, but the transportation sector's high energy consumption and delays in implementing green transport policies hinder full compliance.

Research and development in energy technology is underfunded relative to IEA standards, requiring a more consistent national strategy. Public awareness campaigns and active consumer participation in energy efficiency programs need enhancement. Despite these challenges, Portugal’s renewable energy advancements and early exploration of carbon capture and storage demonstrate a commitment to energy security and environmental goals.

Recommendations:

1. Balance Imports/Diversify Sources: Further diversify energy imports to reduce vulnerability.
2. Strengthen Energy Efficiency: Initiate measures to improve transportation and support green technologies.
3. Focus on R&D: Alleviate insufficient funding in renewable energy and boost public-private collaborations.
4. Promote Competition: Intensify retail market liberalization and eliminate barriers that limit consumer choice.