2010年-世界发展银行全球_Ghanas_New_Approach_to_Public_Sector_Reform___Focusing_on_Delivery_62页_1mb

Summary of "Ghana's New Approach to Public Sector Reform"

Core Content

This report outlines Ghana's New Approach to Public Sector Reform, which aims to improve government performance by focusing on results, particularly in job creation and food production, distribution, and processing. The reform is driven from the center of government, with the Presidency and Cabinet playing a central role in coordination and oversight, while line ministries are responsible for implementation. The report is based on a four-day fact-finding mission conducted in October 2010 by the World Bank's Global Expert Team (PSP-GET), which examined the challenges and opportunities in advancing the reform agenda.

Main Objectives

• Focus reforms on delivering tangible results in key areas: job creation and food production, distribution, and processing.
• Strengthen coordination and accountability across ministries, departments, and agencies (MDAs).
• Introduce innovative public-private partnerships (PPPs) to enhance efficiency and service delivery.
• Implement the Single Pay Spine to improve pay structure and reduce inefficiencies in the public sector.
• Establish a Delivery Unit at the Presidency level to ensure continuity of reform efforts across political transitions.

Key Points

Part A: Seizing the Short Term Opportunity

• The New Approach emphasizes coordination and delivery-focused reforms.
• A Delivery Unit is recommended to be created in the President's Policy Unit to promote central coordination and remove bottlenecks.
• The Presidency must be empowered to ensure reliability and oversight of reforms.
• The short-term opportunity lies in the political consensus on key objectives and the need for an activist center to drive reforms.
• However, the opportunity is diminished by the perception that progress depends on additional resources, and objectives are ill-defined, leading to self-interested interpretations.

Part B: Identifying and Monitoring Delivery Chains

• The report emphasizes the importance of identifying delivery chains for both food production and job creation.
• A stylized delivery chain is introduced for rice production, highlighting the interconnectedness of different MDAs and the actors involved.
• For job creation, the focus is on Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), with a trajectory for increased production and metrics to monitor progress.
• The delivery chain model is used to ensure that inputs and outputs from various MDAs contribute to the desired outcomes, with MDAs ranked by their contribution.

Part C: Implications of the Single Pay Spine

• The Single Pay Spine is a distinctive model in Ghana, with unique design and sequencing compared to other countries.
• Implementation costs are expected to be significant, necessitating delayed implementation to allow for fiscal considerations and efficiency savings.
• Future refinements to the pay spine are required, with urgent steps needed to address the fiscal implications.
• Pay determination for senior staff must be handled carefully to avoid conflicts of interest.

Part D: Managing from the Center of Government

• The center of government (President, Vice President, and Cabinet Office) has two key roles: ensuring reliability and overseeing reform.
• There are capacity gaps in the center, requiring a technical review of staffing and organizational structures.
• A Delivery Unit must be robust and independent to ensure continuity across political transitions.
• Risks include duplication of roles, lack of buy-in, and the need for better coordination and performance management.

Main Views and Key Information

• Coordination is a critical element for successful public sector reform.
• Performance management and accountability mechanisms are essential to ensure that reforms are delivered effectively.
• The Delivery Model is a problem-solving approach, with the Delivery Unit playing a central role in identifying obstacles, streamlining processes, and monitoring progress.
• PPPs are seen as a potential tool to improve efficiency and service delivery, especially in the context of fiscal constraints.
• The Single Pay Spine is a complex reform with significant implications for the public sector wage bill and organizational structure.
• Political will and central leadership are crucial for the success of the New Approach.

Recommendations

• Create a Delivery Unit at the Presidency level to enhance coordination and accountability.
• Delay the implementation of the Single Pay Spine to allow for fiscal planning and efficiency improvements.
• Strengthen the capacity of the center of government to manage reforms and delivery.
• Ensure broad buy-in from key actors across the government.
• Use performance agreements and scorecards to monitor progress and ensure results-oriented reform.

Conclusion

The New Approach to Public Sector Reform in Ghana represents a shift towards results-based governance, with a focus on coordination, accountability, and innovation. It calls for the establishment of a Delivery Unit at the center of government, the refinement of the Single Pay Spine, and the strengthening of performance management systems. The report highlights the importance of political consensus, fiscal prudence, and inter-ministerial coordination in achieving the government's key objectives.