20211031-IEA-System_Integration_of_Renewables_in_Moldova_A_Roadmap_62页_11mb

报告摘要

System Integration of Renewables for Moldova: A Roadmap Summary

Energy Situation and Potential

Moldova depends heavily on energy imports, with electricity consumption at 14.6% in 2019 (lowest among neighbors), primarily sourced from Ukraine and gas-fired plants in Transnistria.
Significant technical potential exists for wind, solar, hydro, and biomass, but current deployment is limited (73 MW in Dec 2020).
Policy goals include increasing RE share to 25% by 2030 and transitioning to a secure, renewable-based electricity system.

Policy Landscape

2013 National Energy Strategy (NES 2030) targets energy security, EU market integration, and climate sustainability.
Current RE policy: three-tier support (net metering, FITs, auctions), long-term PPAs, and grid access.
Challenges: Inconsistent implementation, high import costs, and regulatory barriers such as transmission standards and technical requirements.

Integration Pathway
Three key focus areas to achieve renewable integration:

Remove regulatory barriers and attract investors
- Adopt transparent auctions, reduce administrative burdens, provide financial guarantees, and harmonize cross-border trading.
- Support local banks for financing RE projects with low-cost capital.
Establish flexible electricity markets with regional coordination
- Transition to short-term (e.g., 15-minute) trading markets to improve system balancing.
- Strengthen regional interconnection with Romania and Ukraine, exploring HVDC for asynchronous coupling.
- Reward EV smart charging and other demand-side responses to enhance flexibility.
Enhance technical flexibility of power systems
- Modernize grid, incorporate BESS, and enable VRE flexibility providers (e.g., allowing VRE for reserves).
- Pilot sector coupling, such as EV integration, to smoothen variability.
- Invest in forecasting tools and reserve markets for better coordination.

Three-Step Vision

Short-term (1-5 years): Strengthen institutional framework, update FITs, diversify trading routes, and revise grid codes.
Medium-term (5-15 years): Deepen cross-border electricity trade, expand market coupling, and implement competitive procurement.
Long-term (>15 years): Achieve full VRE integration and system synchronization with Continental Europe.

Key Recommendations

Ensure stakeholder engagement and data sharing for informed decision-making.
Integrate RE as a primary energy source to reduce imports and align with climate goals.
Promote auctions and market-based instruments to drive efficient investment in flexibility resources.

Funding